The Gospel of Mark (6:3) and the Gospel of Matthew (13:55-56) mention James, Joseph/Joses, Judas/Jude and Simon as brothers of Jesus, the son of Mary. celebrations of hell are very soon ruined by the sovereign wisdom And the It is widely accepted that Mark's Gospel was also a source for the Gospels of Matthew and Luke. I think not. other, but rejoice in the wisdom of the Spirit who creates and uses And there arose a sharp disagreement, so that they separated from each other. When did Mark abandon them? Can either of these men boast over the other? Paul, Barnabas and John Mark, after visiting the island of Cyprus as part of the first missionary journey, arrive by boat to the port city of Perga, near the Roman province of Pisidia. Paul writes, Luke alone is with me. service." patience that saved Mark for the cause of the gospel? did not feel the same emotional empathy with the Jews who came from 5. Mark learned valuable lessons and apparently lived the latter part of his life in a manner worthy of forgiveness and redemption. He may have felt that Paul took unnecessary risks in confronting the Jews and putting his own life in jeopardy. his behalf, Barnabas came forward and saved him for the cause of one beating the air; but I pommel my body and subdue it, lest after How good is Gods process of sanctification? But Paul cries out (with a warning that should be stamped And John left them and returned to men perish. Mark the cousin of Barnabas is a figure mentioned in the New Testament, usually identified with John Mark (and thus with Mark the Evangelist). Peter and Barnabas were wrong. bitterness and resentment that are bad. Yet God clearly brings good out of their decision to form separate missionary teams. The faith Barnabas had in young Marks potential and the encouragement he gave his cousin showed a discerning spirit. In many cases, a man like this may have tucked his tail between his legs and never been seen again. Let me read you some excerpts from his story. It is at this point in the narrative that we are struck by an unusual comment from Luke. And Barnabas wanted to take came to Perga in Pamphylia. Watchthe video below. John, anglicized from the Hebrew Yohanan meaning gift of God, was called by his Latin name Marcus meaning dedicated to the god Mars. He was Barnabas young cousin, the son of his aunt Mary who was the head of a home church in Jerusalem. sanctified by one and the same Spirit, have different The letteris highly personal and should be read as such. Moorhouse, it "became the most fruitful . saints. The Testimonium Flavianum Question (My Two Cents), The Bible is Accurate Manuscript Evidence, Sayings From the Bible in the 21st Century, Colors & Dyes For Clothing in Ancient Rome, Thanksgiving: First Foods, First Friends1620, Ancient Ossuaries Uncover Biblical Truths. Who are "devout proselytes" (Acts 13:43)? "There's even better news," Barnabas said. . In Paul's last letter ever written, sent to his dear friend Timothy just before his death, he speaks of Mark again as one "profitable to him for the ministry" (2Timothy 4:11). Learn Religions, Dec. 6, 2021, learnreligions.com/john-mark-author-of-the-gospel-of-mark-701085. Only Luke wasthere with him. not only became useful to Paul but also served as Peter's well as their strengths. power of my special mantra was not adequate to my present crisis . armies. I've prayed about it, feel that the Spirit said 'Yes,' and I'm raring to go!". We know Paul developed a respect and love for Mark later in life (Col 4.10), and we know Mark worked closely with Paul during Pauls imprisonment in Rome (Phil 23). When they sailed to Perga in Pamphylia, Mark left them and returned to Jerusalem. Great And we have Of course, Mark also ended up authoring the Book of Mark, perhaps the first Gospel written (app. The impression you get is that two good men could Gentile circumcision, and after Paul and Barnabas are back in Christian convert. 12For before certain men came from James, he was eating with the Gentiles; but when they came he drew back and separated himself, fearing the circumcision party. totally captivated me. carried away by their insincerity. the more valuable if they show us the weaknesses of our heroes as And this isnt a change that would have come lightly. 48 or 49 A.D. about 3 years after the end of the 1st trip). 1 3 So they remained for a long time, speaking boldly for e the Lord, who bore witness to f the word of his grace, g . He ate freely and enjoyed fellowshipwith the Gentile converts. study of the gospels. In (Gal 2:13), we see that even Barnabas was carried away with their hypocrisy. There is speculation that perhaps this event also might have lead to some tension between Paul and Barnabas. The first is a reaffirmation of our Sunday evening lesson from The MacArthur New Testament Commentary: Acts, by John MacArthur. First, we see in (Acts 15:40), Paul and Silas being commissioned by the brethren before being sent out, while we do not see this with Barnabas and Mark. The text does not state specifically the reason why John left Paul and Barnabas to return to Jerusalem until Acts 15:37-39. Was it Paul's tough rebuke or Barnabas' tender mission agency perceives wisdom in one strategy and another agency great men and women have great power to inspire us and shape us. Jerusalemthe one where the disciples were praying when Peter All the names for our week days come from Roman and Norse/Anglo-Saxon gods. ou have touched sme good thing here. different strategies for Christ are a bad thing. This wasnt like his earlier house arrest in Rome where he could freely wonder about. Were on a mission to change that. I knew when I got up from my knees that something eventful, I have been urging you for two weeks to consider the spiritual Your article has eally peaked my interest. It is recorded by Paul Thank you for the kind comments. missionary has forsaken the work on his first journey, you shall We realize that any reconstruction is tenuous at best, but this fits well with the literary development of the book of Acts and the beginning of the mission to the Gentiles. It is definitely of worth to note that the conversion of Sergius Paulus came right before Marks decision to leave. Cyprus. More than once Paul confessed that he was a sinner and that he escaped from prison (Acts 12:12). Paul saw John Mark as a risk to their mission. For the first One of those marks we passed over very quickly because I said I We know Mark ended up close with Peter (1 Pe 5.13) and wrote one of the four gospels. Listen to how Paul Paul disagrees. And John left them and returned to Jerusalem, Berean Standard Bible After setting sail from Paphos, Paul and his companions came to Perga in Pamphylia, where John left them to return to Jerusalem. neither missionary quit the ministry. And his aim is that we not envy or resent each Some of our decisions are governed by explicit biblical (Veritas Reconsidered, pp. But John, having departed[ b] from them, returned to Jerusalem. and resurrection. The Christian life is a race to be run and finished, Barnabas had encouraged and helped train Mark to be a great man of God. John Mark did not depart because he was afraid of the tough travels or potential persecution. His family was of some importance to the early church in Jerusalem as his home was a center for church gatherings. Acts 10:1-11:18), was running from his God-ordained calling (cf. Third, by most accounts, Paul was at this time pretty much considered to be Barnabas superior, so Barnabas should have submitted to his authority. Barnabas wanted to take John, also called Mark, with them, but Paul did not think it wise to take him, because he had deserted them in Pamphylia and had not continued with them in the work. of the death and resurrection of Jesus, I asked Jesus to forgive my They took the Gospel to places with names like Antioch of Pisidia, Lystra, Derbe, and Iconium. Mark started with them on their first trip, but left them partway through. Paul knew it. As recorded in Acts 13:1-3, Saul and Barnabas were called by their priesthood leaders in Antioch, including the "prophets" mentioned in verse 1, to go on a mission, which would become Saul's first missionary journey. The other principle I enjoy sharing my understanding of the Bible. NET Bible. Nor did Apostle Paul always retain his unfavorable judgment of him (Acts 15:38), but long afterwards, in his Roman imprisonment, commended him to the Colossians, as one who was "a fellow-worker unto the Kingdom of God," and a comfort to himself (Colossians 4:10). Then they traversed across the Island to Paphos. We saw already (in Acts 9:2630) that Barnabas alone, of all the telling me that he could actually come to me, lift the fear of What is the story of Saul of Tarsus before he became the apostle Paul? He deserted them. this, like you wrote the book in it or somthing. 13:2 While they were serving the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, Set apart for me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them. 13:3 Then, after they had fasted and prayed and placed their hands on them, they sent them off. (NIV). I was reading the life story of Krister Sairsingh, a former Hindu Frank E. Gaebelein, vol. Im going through some From Cyprus they sailed to Perga in Pamphylia (southern Turkey) where John left them to return to Jerusalem. This half-sentence tucked away by Luke in Acts 13:13 would become a huge paragraph in the lives of Paul, Barnabas and John Mark. The same verses also mention unnamed sisters of Jesus. Paul knew his execution was imminent and he had only a short time left in his earthly body before he would permanently unite with his Savior. John Mark - Author of the Gospel of Mark. Now Barnabas was determined to take with them John called Mark. from Trinidad who is now the Chaplain to international students at All of our resources exist to guide you toward everlasting joy in Jesus Christ. why did john mark leave paul and barnabas. And after some days Paul said to Barnabas, "Come, let us return, 55 68 A.D.). Most people in the world have no experience of lasting joy in their lives. There are at least three evidences of this from the life of that all the Barnabases become Pauls or that all the Pauls become Christ; but many years later, when Barnabas was falling away from The man he wanted to leave behind years before had become highly valuable to him. As a result of this intercession, a wonderful friendship between Paul and Barnabas was formed. Modern Persecution of Christians in China, Patriarch Jacobs Well & St. Philoumenous, Slaughter of the Theban Legion C. 286 AD, LapsiChristians Who Lapse/Abandon Their Faith, Evodias Named Followers of Christ Christians. Its tough to grasp the idea that two of the most influential men in the establishment of the church could have such a heated (remember,violent outburst) disagreement, but at the same time we have the benefit of seeing the big picture. Over ten years after Paul and Barnabas had a fight over Mark, Paul writes to his own disciple Timothy: Only Luke is here with me. Who is the son of encouragement? Paul's 1st Missionary Journey. Mark "departed from them from Pamphylia, and went not with them to the work." gospel that they cannot be countenanced. Here was someone who struck me as different Silas. Copyright 2002-2023 Got Questions Ministries. . In c. 60 AD when Paul was in prison in Caesarea, he ended his letter to the church in Colossae near Ephesus: My fellow prisoner Aristarchus sends you his greetings, as does Mark, the cousin of Barnabas. (4:10) Sometime in the 50s Paul had reconciled with Mark perhaps at the prompting of Barnabas. And John left them and returned to Jerusalem, 14 but they went on from Perga and came to Antioch in Pisidia. could do that . rather dreadful experiences in which it seemed that my mantras had A soldier who has wavered in one battle may live to obtain a glorious victory. the emotions and opinions of other people did not have the same propriety and fitness and strategic wisdom. He rightly understood that walking with the Lord changes people and the more time they have to walk, the more time they have to change. Peter and Barnabas admitted to the error oftheir ways and restoredfellowship with the Gentiles. one faltering missionary journey there emerged two. ), In (2 Tim 4:11) (written about 67 A.D., app. 14But when I saw that their conduct was not in step with the truth of the gospel, I said to Cephas before them all, If you, though a Jew, live like a Gentile and not like a Jew, how can you force the Gentiles to live like Jews?. As far as John Mark goes 2 Timothy 4:11 happily suggests that he may have gotten over his problem with the Gentiles and that Paul got over his problem with John Mark (see also Col 4:10; Philemon 24). "Let's get packing!". Here, we see the church at Antioch preparing to send Paul, along with Barnabas, on the first of his three missionary trips. Something went wrong. happened. He then joined himself to Barnabas and Paul when they traveled from Jerusalem to Antioch on their return from a mission of charity. sober words: Even those that are united to one and the same Jesus, and Berean Literal Bible And those around Paul, having sailed from Paphos, came to Perga of Pamphylia. 3 -Paul was leaving immediately, and Barnabas was not ready. Why did a few men coming from Jerusalem cause Peter and A disciplemaking website to help the church and serious More, The Net Pastors Journal, Eng. It may well be that he wasnt ready or didnt count the cost of following Jesus. Foxe says that Mark was martyred there, being dragged to pieces by the people of Alexandria. This occurred about the 8th year of Nero. will fall on his face before the rays of dawn and tumors will ruin that the church inclined to the side of Paul, because in Acts 15:40 On the other hand, we have Barnabas side. God usesthe time Mark has alone with Barnabas tomold him into a champion of the early church and a dear friend of the man who once rejected him. lessons for our instruction and encouragement. Why were some books removed from the Bible? Perhaps Barnabas recognized Marks full potential and wanted to give him a chance to develop and mature in his walk. ahead, I press on toward the goal for the prize of the upward call In the end Barnabas and Mark abandoned Paul. Greg is currently serving as Project Director for the knowingGod.org. There, in the town of Salamis, they went to the Jewish synagogues and preached the word of God. now on. For right or wrong, Paul couldnt trust him, and therefore Mark could not have been effective under his leadership. 48 or 49 A.D.) where Paul rebuked Peter (and other Jews) for his hypocrisy and his wrong behavior with the Gentiles (I discuss this in detail here). Demas began well. 1. Barnabas, the "son of encouragement" ( Acts 4:36 ), desired to forgive John Mark's failure and to give him another chance. Tradition holds that Mark was present when Jesus Christ was arrested on the Mount of Olives. (NIV), 2 Timothy 4:11Only Luke is with me. Every strength is vulnerable to its corresponding weakness. It's the rancor and has chosen to build a community of diverse people. Its always my prayer and hope that what I write will be thoughtful and helpful. Barnabas knew he needed a great teacher and Saul was hot headed Barnabas was true to his nature and believed he could help Saul learn self control as he taught. Following the Jerusalem Council Peter came to Antioch to visit with the Gentile believers and lavishly exercised his rights granted to him by the Councils decision. attractive power of Jesus. John Mark, the writer of the Gospel of Mark, also served as a companion to the Apostle Paul in his missionary work and later assisted the Apostle Peter in Rome. I hope to post other teaching material on it. power and love, then it is not surprising that those who have Whatever the shortcoming was, it disappointed Paul. Berean Literal Bible Now Barnabas purposed also to take along John, called Mark. Paul knew that when the Please check your entries and try again. Especially the communication of the gospel to those who do not yet know Christ. 9 (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1981), 417. she wrote in the preface, The Christian missionary movement through the centuries has been Here the bubble of idealism "Human authors wrote the Bible, and God wrote the Bible through the human authors. The family was presumably wealthy enough to have a maidservant (Rhoda) and host large worship meetings. He wasnt prepared for such a long trip. Peter hurried to the house of Mary, the mother of John Mark, where she was holding a prayer gathering of many of the church members (Acts 12:12). Mark joining a journey lead by Paul at this point would have been unwise. Mark accompanied Barnabas and Paul on their missionary travels. [2] in Galatians 2:1114. kind. Zavada, Jack. What should we learn from the account of Paul and Barnabas? Barnabas took Mark and sailed for Cyprus, but Paul chose Silas and left, commended by the brothers to the grace of the Lord. That night I poured out my heart to him in It wouldnt have been productive for Paul to take Mark when he didnt trust him, but Barnabas saw the long-term potential in Mark and gave him another chance. seemed to focus on the need and potential of Mark. Marys Perpetual Virginity & Jesus Brothers, Why Pollen on the Shroud of Turin Proves it is Real, Christian Inscriptions in Roman Catacombs, Eruption Of Mt. After sailing from Cyprus to the Turkish coast, Paul and Barnabas visit the city of Perga before traveling to Pisidian Antioch and other cities on . persecution and give him a new chance to prove himself as a bad? . of the Lord, and see how they are." Yes, Mark had earlier abandoned Paul and himself, but it seems very likely that Barnabas wished to give him another chance. Matthew Henry, for example, suggested that John Mark had departed "without [Barnabas and Paul's] knowledge, or without their consent". So are second chances. The team sailed some sixty miles southwest to Cyprus and the port of Salamis. If Mark did in fact alarm the church, it may have stirred up the controversy we find laterin Acts 15.1. He, along with Paul and other Christian leaders of his time, was instrumental in . Thanks again for your encouragement. One can have a very heated discussion with opposing views and not sin. Second, in 2 Timothy 4:11 Paul says to Timothy, "Luke alone is His body froze like a Greek . standards for their candidates more like Paul's, and there are Jesus the Lord had entered my life. Most scholars, including the early church fathers, agree that while Mark may have written the book attributed to his name, Peter was almost certainly the source of what he wrote. Lets take a look. of thse issues well.. Wow, incredible weblog layout! (Paul wrote Philemon during his 1st imprisonment at Rome. Now what can we learn from all this? . The danger with characters like Barnabas is that they, with good hearts and sound intentions, can allow emotional sentiment to overrule wisdom and patience. Paul took up with some new people. focus on the demands and potential of the larger cause of the gospel and the honor of the mission. ), In addition, Peter had a VERY strong bond with Mark. . Mark's mother's name was Mary, and she had a house in Tese are realy impressive ides in about blogging. W. Ward Gasque (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1990), 230, who says, This was for the most part a low, marshy, fever-ridden region, though at some points the Taurus Mountains, which made travel to the north so difficult, reach to the sea; E. M. Blaiklock, The Acts of the Apostles, Tyndale New Testament Commentaries, ed. . He said Mark was profitable (very useful) in helping him carry out the Lord's work. Catholic Daily Reflections and Homily provide daily inspiration and guidance for faithful Catholics seeking to deepen their spiritual lives. But Paul insisted that they should not take with them the one who had departed . When you visit this site, it may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Our pathgets a little tricky here because this is all the information we are given, at least directly. Jerusalem.". One of my classmates, an East Indian who identified himself Why did John Mark leave Barnabas and Paul in Perga and return to Jerusalem? The three Christian men are a triad of redemption, forgiveness and encouragement. Why did Barnabas not accompany Paul on Paul's second missionary journey? I try to give a fair and balance answer to the questions that I write on. Paul and Barnabas at Iconium. Acts 13 says this,13 Now Paul and his companions set sail from Paphos and came to Perga in Pamphylia. "John Mark - Author of the Gospel of Mark." What do you think is required to Then, in verse 39, there arose asharp disagreement, so that they separated from each other. We get our English wordparoxysm from the Greek word used here forsharp disagreement. But when I saw that they were not Paul turns to his one time mentor, Barnabas, and suggests that they take another trip together. Paul was adamantly opposed to this proposal, based on Mark's previous desertion at Perga, and on the fact that he had not gone with then to the work. value of Christian biography. The events of this passage follow the Jerusalem Council and Paul and Barnabas time in Antioch. ", The Split Between Paul and Barnabas Over John Mark. When Paul wrote his second letter to the young pastorhe was literally in the bottom of a pita dungeon. Paul cheerfully responded. John Mark is the author of the second Gospel in the New Testament. I blg quite often and I really thank you for your informtion. We don't know why John Mark decided to leave, but this would later create a rift between Paul and Barnabas. How easy that might have been. But perhaps the most touching of Pauls references to Mark comes in 2 Timothy. John Mark is mentioned in Acts 12:23-13:13, 15:36-39; Colossians 4:10; 2 Timothy 4:11; and 1 Peter 5:13. He wrote 2 Timothy to set his affairs in order and to give his last words to Timothy who would carry on Pauls ministry after his death. sentiments in points of prudence. to be a patsy. bitterness or resentment. Barnabas took Mark with him and sailed away to Cyprus, but Paul chose Silas and departed, having been commended by the brothers to the grace of the Lord. Once I was stoned. will certinly be back. Or am I trying to please men? We I started writing on Quora about 4-5 years ago, I think. Some time later Paul said to Barnabas, "Let us go back and visit the brothers in all the towns where we preached the word of the Lord and see how they are doing." Barnabas wanted to take John, also called Mark, with them, but Paul did not think it wise to take him, because he had deserted them in Pamphylia and had not Paul was determined not to bring him, due to his forsaking them previously. 2 -Silas wanted to accompany Paul, so Barnabas decided to take John Mark. looked at his unusual gift for encouraging younger leaders. studied the marks of a biblical leader-maker. truth goes, the gospel goes, and when the gospel goes, the souls of The point commended by the brethren to the grace of the Lord. When they arrived in Cyprus, the Roman proconsul Sergius Paulus became the first recorded high official of the Roman government to become a Christian. Mark wrote the Gospel of Mark, a short, action-packed account of the life and mission of Jesus. He went (on this 2nd Missionary Journey c. 50-52)) through Syria and Cilicia, strengthening the churches. Acts 15:36-41. When we make a mistake in life, with God's help we can recover and go on to achieve great things. Mark likely felt guilty about abandoning the journey to Perga and wanted an opportunity to redeem himself. God's mercy. He came with them as far as Perga and then he forsook them. John Mark. He need mentoring and time to grow in the Lord. Question: Why did John Mark leave Paul and Barnabas while in Perga and went back to Jerusalem? Barnabases. How did this come about? During my final year of high school I had some bizarre and to do). Experience teaches us and the Bible teaches us that the lives of Peter seemed to know that fellow believers would be gathered there for prayer. He is author of. 2 Cor 11:26 ), or been a little disgruntled at Paul taking over the lead of the team from his cousin Barnabas. For before certain men came from James, 6, p. 200). Despite everything that happened atPamphylia (Acts 13.13) and the emotionally violent disagreement over Mark in Acts 15.36-41, Paul, at the end of his life, found Mark to be very useful for ministry. . In 13:13 Luke refers to the group as Paul and his companions1 from which we may infer that Paul is now considered to be the leader of the group which consisted of Barnabas and John Mark (at this point anyway), and perhaps others who were making their way to Asia Minor.2 Moving Paul to the front of the list is Lukes literary way of preparing the reader for the central role Paul will play in the second half of the book of Acts and the Gentile mission. One principle stresses the glory of From a maturity in the faith standpoint, I think Barnabas was right in not judging Mark based on his past. tears. Witherington, Acts, 390, who regards the passage as introducing a turning point in the narrative commensurate with the idea of the movement of the gospel to the Gentiles; Rackham, Acts, 194, who argues convincingly from the events of chapters 13-14 that the e[rgon is the mission to the Gentiles. The passage reads as follows: 14:26 From there they sailed back to Antioch, where they had been commended to the grace of God for the work (e[rgon) they had now completed. However, halfway through their journey, Mark left them (Acts 13;13). It is a beautiful picture of love, grace, perseverance, and restoration. that Mark should not go fits this idea. On some kind of spiritual test I took a few years ago, I was labeled as a defender. In short, I feel a strong calling to help, defend, and teach the weak, especially in spiritual matters. 38But Paul thought best not to take with them one who had withdrawn from them in Pamphylia and had not gone with them to the work. He is the author "Hope for Hurting Singles: A Christian Guide to Overcoming Life's Challenges. 2 b But the c unbelieving Jews stirred up the Gentiles and poisoned their minds against d the brothers. I m going to bookmark your blog and keep checking for new details about once a week. John Mark Leaves Paul and Barnabas When the Holy Spirit appoints Barnabas and Saul to be missionaries from Antioch in Acts 13:2, Barnabas and Saul decide to take John Mark along as an assistant ( Acts 13:5 ). happen in the body of Christ until we no longer see through a glass 39And there arose a sharp disagreement, so that they separated from each other. talks in Galatians 1:8, 10. you made blogging look easy. Learn Religions. It is very serious, but Luke only mentions it in one sentence in Paul himself had given a warning loud and Halfway through their journey, Mark left Paul and Barnabas, and this became a point of contention later. Barnabas wanted to take his cousin, John Mark, along but he and Paul had what the writer of Acts calls in verse 39 a "sharp disagreement" over this point. He passes no judgment on John. Its part of life. few pics to drive the message hme a bit, but instead of that, this is For John Marks perspective, he had other reasons. Its called sanctification. 2. In a way, they both were right. there had been another run-in of a much more serious On the side of Paul, three thoughts are generally proposed. Why didnt Paul want Mark to accompany them? In Galatians 2.11-14 Paul writes, 11But when Cephas came to Antioch, I opposed him to his face, because he stood condemned. In fact, life is made up of many judgment calls. (Paul also wrote Colossians during his 1st imprisonment at Rome. back and But then some of the more strict party in the Jerusalem You appear to know a lot about . Cookies collect information about your preferences and your device and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. stimulus to the 14:27 When they arrived and gathered the church together, they reported all the things God had done with them, and that he had opened a door of faith for the GentilesNET Bible. Acts 15:36. God knew what he was doing when he sent Mark with Barnabas instead of Paul. Mark had seen the strength of faith under trial in his mother's home and he had attended his kinsman Barnabas in his labors of zeal and love. As a result, such a sharp contention arose between them that they parted (split) from one another (Acts 15:37 - 39, HBFV). And there arose a sharp contention, so that 13And the rest of the Jews acted hypocritically along with him, so that even Barnabas was led astray by their hypocrisy. That Luke is willing to record not only the marvelous events during the establishment of the church, but also the rough patches as well, lends credibility to his account. Paul fell suddenly silent. VesuviusAugust 24, 79 AD. Some say Barnabas should have submitted to Pauls apostolic authority, but Barnabas had some hefty credentials himself (which well see a in just a bit).

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