Republica de Colombia #57, Santo Domingomailing address: 3470 Santo Domingo Place, Washington DC 20521-3470telephone: (809) 567-7775email address and website: SDOAmericans@state.govhttps://do.usembassy.gov/, a centered white cross that extends to the edges divides the flag into four rectangles - the top ones are ultramarine blue (hoist side) and vermilion red, and the bottom ones are vermilion red (hoist side) and ultramarine blue; a small coat of arms featuring a shield supported by a laurel branch (left) and a palm branch (right) is at the center of the cross; above the shield a blue ribbon displays the motto, DIOS, PATRIA, LIBERTAD (God, Fatherland, Liberty), and below the shield, REPUBLICA DOMINICANA appears on a red ribbon; in the shield a bible is opened to a verse that reads "Y la verdad nos hara libre" (And the truth shall set you free); blue stands for liberty, white for salvation, and red for the blood of heroes, palmchat (bird); national colors: red, white, blue, name: "Himno Nacional" (National Anthem)lyrics/music: Emilio PRUD'HOMME/Jose REYESnote: adopted 1934; also known as "Quisqueyanos valientes" (Valient Sons of Quisqueye); the anthem never refers to the people as Dominican but rather calls them "Quisqueyanos," a reference to the indigenous name of the island, total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Colonial City of Santo Domingo, tourism, construction, mining, and telecommunications OECS economy; COVID-19 disrupted economic growth; major foreign direct investment and free-trade zones; developing local financial markets; improving debt management; declining poverty, $207.082 billion (2021 est. The assassination of the Mirabal sisters. Dominican Republic rejects criticism of Haitian deportations News US agent, suspected smuggler killed off Puerto Rico coast News Women lead climate talks' toughest topic: reparations News Cocaine. Looking at a variety of metrics gives you a . )6.13% (2020 est. That is why we look forward to welcoming you to Punta Cana to give you an unforgettable experience! propiedades en venta y alquiler en Repblica Dominicana. )49.51 (2018 est. Las Terrenas, a small seaside town that tends to attract a crowd that despises all-inclusives, has exploded in popularity during the pandemic. To get more information, read our article about the length of your stay in the Dominican Republic. with registered office located at Las Carreras Street; Gazcue, Santo Domingo, ND, capital of the Dominican Republic, registered in the Mercantile Registry under number 170530SD, and identified for tax purposes with the National Taxpayers Registry (RNC) number 1-32-23773-2. In general, you get it automatically with the purchase of an air ticket. Jan 1 2021 Jan 1 2022 Jan 1 2023. On the weekends, her family explores coastal towns like Las Terrenas, where her son might spend the morning splashing in the pool of a boutique hotel before venturing to a beach. 5 min read . This is a momentous election given the domestic and geopolitical trajectory the country has taken over the past few years. ), conventional long form: Dominican Republicconventional short form: The Dominicanlocal long form: Republica Dominicanalocal short form: La Dominicanaformer: Santo Domingo (the capital city's name formerly applied to the entire country)etymology: the country name derives from the capital city of Santo Domingo (Saint Dominic), name: Santo Domingogeographic coordinates: 18 28 N, 69 54 Wtime difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)etymology: named after Saint Dominic de GUZMAN (1170-1221), founder of the Dominican Order, 10 regions (regiones, singular - region); Cibao Nordeste, Cibao Noroeste, Cibao Norte, Cibao Sur, El Valle, Enriquillo, Higuamo, Ozama, Valdesia, Yuma, history: many previous (38 total); latest proclaimed 13 June 2015amendments: proposed by a special session of the National Congress called the National Revisory Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority approval by at least one half of those present in both houses of the Assembly; passage of amendments to constitutional articles, such as fundamental rights and guarantees, territorial composition, nationality, or the procedures for constitutional reform, also requires approval in a referendum, civil law system based on the French civil code; Criminal Procedures Code modified in 2004 to include important elements of an accusatory system, accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction, citizenship by birth: nocitizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of the Dominican Republicdual citizenship recognized: yesresidency requirement for naturalization: 2 years, 18 years of age; universal and compulsory; married persons regardless of age can vote; note - members of the armed forces and national police by law cannot vote, chief of state: President Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (since 16 August 2020); Vice President Raquel PENA de Antuna (since 16 August 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of governmenthead of government: President Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (since 16 August 2020); Vice President Raquel PENA de Antuna (since 16 August 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of governmentcabinet: Cabinet nominated by the presidentelections/appointments: president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a maximum of two consecutive terms); election last held on 5 July 2020 (next to be held in 2024); note - the 2020 election was rescheduled from 17 May to 5 July 2020 due to COVID-19 pandemicelection results: 2020: Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona elected president in first round; percent of vote - Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (PRM) 52.5%, Gonzalo CASTILLO Terrero (PLD) 37.5%, Leonel Antonio FERNANDEZ Reyna (FP) 8.9% other 1.1%2016: Danilo MEDINA Sanchez reelected president; percent of vote - Danilo MEDINA Sanchez (PLD) 61.7%, Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (PRM) 35%, other 3.3%; Margarita CEDENO DE FERNANDEZ (PLD) reelected vice president, description: bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of:Senate or Senado (32 seats; 26 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, and 6 members indirectly elected based upon province-wide party plurality votes for its candidates to the Chamber of Deputies; all members serve 4-year terms; note - in 2019, the Central Election Commission changed the electoral system for seats in26 constituencies to direct simple majority but retained indirect election for the remaining 6 constituencies; previously all 32 members were indirectly elected; the change had been challenged by the ruling and opposition parties)House of Representatives or Camara de Diputados (190 seats; 178 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote using the D'Hondt method, 5 members in a nationwide constituency and 7 diaspora members directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)elections: Senate - last held on 5 July 2020 (next to be held 2024)House of Representatives - last held on 5 July 2020 (next to be held in 2024); note - the 2020 election was rescheduled from 17 May to 5 July 2020 due to COVID-19 pandemicelection results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PRM 17, PLD 6, PRSC 6, BIS 1, DXC 1, FP 1; composition - men 28, women 4, percent of women 12.5%House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PRM 86, PLD 75, PRSC 6, PRD 4, Broad Front 3, FP 3, AP 2, APD 2, BIS 2, DXC 2, other 5; composition - men 137, women 53, percent of women 27.9%; note - total National Congress percent of women 25.7%, highest court(s): Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia (consists of a minimum of 16 magistrates); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges); note - the Constitutional Court was established in 2010 by constitutional amendmentjudge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary comprised of the president, the leaders of both chambers of congress, the president of the Supreme Court, and a non-governing party congressional representative; Supreme Court judges appointed for 7-year terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed for 9-year termssubordinate courts: courts of appeal; courts of first instance; justices of the peace; special courts for juvenile, labor, and land cases; Contentious Administrative Court for cases filed against the government, Alliance for Democracy or APDBroad Front (Frente Amplio) [Fidel SANTANA]Country Alliance or AP [Guillermo Antonio MORENO Garcia]Dominican Liberation Party or PLD [Danilo MEDINA Snchez]Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [Miguel VARGAS Maldonado]Dominicans For Change or DXC [Manuel OVIEDO Estrada]Institutional Social Democratic Bloc or BISLiberal Reformist Party or PRL (formerly the Liberal Party of the Dominican Republic or PLRD)Modern Revolutionary Party or PRM [Luis ABINADER]National Progressive Front or FNP [Vinicio CASTILLO, Pelegrin CASTILLO]People's Force or FP [Leonel FERNANDEZ Reyna]Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC [Federico Augusto "Quique" ANTUN Batile], ACP, AOSIS, BCIE, Caricom (observer), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, MIGA, MINUSMA, NAM, OAS, OIF (observer), OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA (associated member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, chief of mission: Ambassador Sonia GUZMAN (since 18 January 2021)chancery: 1715 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone: [1] (202) 332-6280FAX: [1] (202) 265-8057email address and website: embassy@drembassyusa.orghttp://drembassyusa.org/consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Glendale (CA), Mayaguez (Puerto Rico), Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Juan (Puerto Rico)consulate(s): San Francisco, chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Robert W. THOMAS (since 20 January 2021)embassy: Av. That pushed 2021 totals to nearly five million visitors, more than any other country in the Caribbean. I dont think it was worth it, she said as the rest of the group posed for poolside photos in their matching white outfits. The pool scene at the Iberostar Grand Bvaro in Punta Cana. The economy expanded by an average of 5.3 percent in 2000-19, driven primarily by capital accumulation and private consumption. BALAGUER maintained a tight grip on power for most of the next 30 years when international reaction to flawed elections forced him to curtail his term in 1996. In the past months advice and capacity building support has been provided for the preparation of a general water law that will reform the sectors institutional framework. We provide a wide array of financial products and technical assistance, and we help countries share and apply innovative knowledge and solutions to the challenges they face. ), 20.9 years (2013 est. Note that prices are in Dominican Pesos (RD$) for better understanding. ), improved: urban: 98.3% of populationrural: 91.7% of populationtotal: 97.2% of populationunimproved: urban: 1.7% of populationrural: 8.3% of populationtotal: 2.8% of population (2020 est. To restart employment-intensive, pro-poor growth and enhance its economic competitiveness, the DR must strengthen productive linkages between domestic and exporting firms, reduce the administrative costs of the bureaucracy, improve the reliability of the electricity supply, and expand access to credit. Openness To, and Restrictions Upon, Foreign Investment Policies Towards Foreign Direct Investment Caribbean, eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Haiti, total: 48,670 sq kmland: 48,320 sq kmwater: 350 sq km, slightly more than twice the size of New Jersey, total: 376 kmborder countries (1): Haiti 376 km, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental marginmeasured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines, tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall, rugged highlands and mountains interspersed with fertile valleys, highest point: Pico Duarte 3,098 mlowest point: Lago Enriquillo -46 mmean elevation: 424 m, nickel, bauxite, gold, silver, arable land, agricultural land: 51.5% (2018 est. Instead, authorities have chosen to manage Covid by pushing vaccination and mask wearing among those who interact with tourists. In fact, the list of documents may differ depending on which country you are a citizen of. ), total: 27.9 yearsmale: 27.8 yearsfemale: 28.1 years (2020 est. ), lowest 10%: 1.9%highest 10%: 37.4% (2013 est. Tourists are common targets for theft. Also, it gives you a legal stay of up to 30 days. test, while visitors dont face the same requirements to enter Dominican territory. On Jan. 31, the government is requiring banks, shopping centers, restaurants and other public transport to ask for proof that customers have been boosted. Well, the price for overstay depends on the length of your overstay. Nevertheless, it is strongly recommended to fill out the form 72 hours before the travel, because internet can be very slow in airports. You do not have to panic if you did not fill out the form before the flight, since Dominican airports have free internet access. )forest: 40.8% (2018 est. Avoiding large gatherings and events, frequently washing your hands and using . Fitch rating: BB- (2016)Moody's rating: Ba3 (2017)Standard & Poors rating: BB- (2015)note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. Follow the advice of resort and tour operators regarding local safety and security concerns. And though all-inclusive resorts require only a reservation to enter, many banks, government institutions and some shopping malls require proof of vaccination or a recent P.C.R. Comparative research in this area has been mainly focused on developed countries and has tended to neglect the situation of developing nations, including Latin American countries. The Dominican Republic is a representative constitutional democracy. In December the Dominican Republic drew 700,000 visitors from abroad, more than it had attracted not only before the pandemic, but in any single month ever, according to the Ministry of Tourism. Global Dominican . However, disparities in access to economic opportunities and public services remain deep. Major religion Christianity. Be aware of your surroundings. ), number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 6, total: 16over 3,047 m: 32,438 to 3,047 m: 41,524 to 2,437 m: 4914 to 1,523 m: 4under 914 m: 1 (2021), total: 201,524 to 2,437 m: 1914 to 1,523 m: 1under 914 m: 18 (2021), total: 496 km (2014)standard gauge: 354 km (2014) 1.435-m gaugenarrow gauge: 142 km (2014) 0.762-m gauge, total: 19,705 km (2002)paved: 9,872 km (2002)unpaved: 9,833 km (2002), total: 38by type: container ship 1, general cargo 2, oil tanker 1, other 34 (2021), major seaport(s): Puerto Haina, Puerto Plata, Santo Domingooil terminal(s): Punta Nizao oil terminalcruise port(s): La Romanacontainer port(s) (TEUs): Caucedo (1,265,459); Haina (495,243)LNG terminal(s) (import): Andres LNG terminal (Boca Chica), Armed Forces of the Dominican Republic: Army (Ejercito Nacional, EN), Navy (Marina de Guerra, MdG; includes naval infantry), Dominican Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Dominicana, FAD) (2022)note: in addition to the military, the Ministry of Armed Forces directs the Airport Security Authority and Civil Aviation, Port Security Authority, the Tourist Security Corps, and Border Security Corps; the National Police (Policia Nacional) are under the Ministry of Interior, 0.7% of GDP (2022 est. The first cases of Covid-19 were confirmed in March, against a backdrop of increased gang violence. Over the past 25 years, the Dominican Republic (DR) has experienced a remarkable period of robust economic growth. They, along with all the other visitors who filled the majority of Punta Canas roughly 42,000 hotel rooms that January weekend, were part of what many consider a rare pandemic tourism success story. Read the country information page for additional information on travel to the Dominican Republic. Last Update: Reissued with updates to health information. The wide availability of weapons, the use and trade of illicit drugs, and a weak criminal justice system contribute to the high level of criminality on the broader scale. The data on the coronavirus pandemic is updated daily. To find out if you need to have a visa, you can visit this website or read this article about visa FAQ. So, let us take a look at a small list with the prices that you will need to pay depending on the length of your stay. On a recent Friday, staff members scanned visitors temperatures upon arrival and offered spritzes of hand sanitizer along with a glass of champagne. As we already have mentioned, a tourist card is a tourism entry tax launched by the Dominican Republic under the law. In general, now most of the activities and establishments are open to the public. Crime occurs in the Dominican Republic, including violent crime, especially in major cities. Well, the cost of the departure tax is US $20, and it is already included in your airline ticket fare. Until recently, few pushed back. )0.7% of GDP (2021 est. You can read more here about E-ticket form. )imports of goods and services: -28.1% (2017 est. Exercise increased caution in the Dominican Republic due to crime. The new Country Partnership Framework (CPF) FY22-FY26proposes a work program of approximately US$1.8 billion over a five-year period to support the Governments commitment to implement key reforms for economic transformation, especially in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Passengers arriving on cruise ships, private flights, ferries do not need to fill out the E-ticket form. test. To get more information, read our article about the, As we already noted, tourism in Punta Cana is resuming, and workers in this sector are actively using every precaution to cope with the pandemic. The sluggish pace in poverty reduction could be partially explained by the incomplete recovery of economic activity and key labor indicators. The cost of the family basket increased 23.2 percent in July compared to pre-pandemic levels, affecting the income growth of the poorest quintiles. The resolution calls the current policy discriminatory, given that Dominican residents have to carry a vaccination card or recent negative P.C.R. But there has to be a way to encourage responsible tourism, said Ivan Lorenzo, a senator for the Dominican province of Elas Pia, which shares a border with Haiti. )$197.735 billion (2019 est. We cannot rationalize the human losses with what we generate economically, he said. To this day, most other Caribbean nations require proof of vaccination, test results and, in some cases, quarantine, and they also may restrict hotel bookings to 30 or 50 percent capacity to mitigate viral spread, according to Michael Lowery, the executive vice president of consumer business for Apple Leisure Group, which owns Dreams resorts and CheapCaribbean.com, a vacation booking platform used by millions. Outside a club in downtown Punta Cana. But if you already have a negative COVID-19 tested at home or a vaccination certificate, you can just present it to workers. This card allows you to visit the country without a need for a consular visa. Moreover, it is not difficult at all to get a tourist card, since you just need to have a passport and a credit/debit card. Should he test positive, he said, Ill just stay a little longer.. In 1861, the Dominicans voluntarily returned to the Spanish Empire, but two years later they launched a war that restored independence in 1865. But then Omicron hit. Still others liked the idea of not having to take a test to enter the country. 1-2, 1974, pp. And also you can check out the details on the official website. ), general assessment: the Dominican Republics telecom sector continued its solid form throughout 2020 and into 2021, shrugging off the economic turmoil unleashed by the Covid-19 pandemic to maintain a decade-long run of low but positive growth across all areas of the market; the Dominican Republic remains behind most of its counterparts in the Latin American region, especially in terms of fixed-line network coverage; mobile subscriptions are on par with the regional average, but at subscription levels of around 88% there is still ample opportunity for growth; in terms of growth, the standout winner was once again the mobile broadband segment; the market is expected to see close to 8% growth in 2021, building further on the gains it already made in 2020 when lock downs and work-from-home rules encouraged many people to find ways to upgrade their internet access and performance; the limited coverage of fixed-line broadband networks makes mobile the first, if not only, choice for most people in the country (2021)domestic: fixed-line teledensity is about 11 per 100 persons; multiple providers of mobile-cellular service with a subscribership of nearly 83 per 100 persons (2020)international: country code - 1-809; 1-829; 1-849; landing point for theARCOS-1, Antillas 1, AMX-1, SAm-1,East-West, Deep Blue Cable and the Fibralink submarine cables that provide links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and US; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services, combination of state-owned and privately owned broadcast media; 1 state-owned TV network and a number of private TV networks; networks operate repeaters to extend signals throughout country; combination of state-owned and privately owned radio stations with more than 300 radio stations operating (2019), total: 8,352,886 (2020 est. )crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 est. )refined petroleum consumption: 148,200 bbl/day (2019 est. 33 recovered and received a medical discharge. In fact, some found the suggestion that the lax policy is whats drawing people to the Dominican Republic insulting. Most of the hotels have reopened and are actively working to provide the best and safest service. In addition, a small project has been designed to measure learning loss in 9th grade high school students using an adaptive platform. Ocean El Faro Resort: My experience 4 days in - See 5,434 traveler reviews, 5,791 candid photos, and great deals for Ocean El Faro Resort at Tripadvisor. Yes, all passengers entering or leaving the Dominican Republic on commercial flights have to fulfill the electronic entry and exit form, which is free. ), municipal solid waste generated annually: 4,063,910 tons (2015 est. Tel. At many of the resorts in Punta Cana, staff members are assiduous about wearing masks, while guests frequently go without. )6.36% (2019 est. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) currently maintains its strongest committed portfolio among all Caribbean countries (US$103 million including mobilization). Why Is Everyone Going to the Dominican Republic? Spanish (official)major-language sample(s): La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de informacin bsica. Santo Domingo is the capital city of the Dominican Republic. )tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. Together, they made up around 25 of the mostly American, Canadian and British guests enjoying the Preferred Club adults-only pool at Dreams Palm Beach Punta Cana on a recent weekend, even as Omicron drove coronavirus cases to record highs in the Dominican Republic. Executive power is exercised by the government. She took two rapid tests shed brought and tested positive twice, she said. Some had come for the beach, some had come for the sun, others had picked it because, at the time, the Covid numbers seemed reasonable. If you continue to navigate this website beyond this page, cookies will be placed on your browser. The workers in this field make every effort to provide foreign tourists with the best services. Since February 2022, the Dominican Republic is the first Caribbean country to launch a green strategy. If you decide to travel to the Dominican Republic: See the U.S. Embassy's web page regarding COVID-19. To learn more about cookies, click here. note: data are in current year dollars$20.509 billion (2019 est.) Below are key statistics from WHOs Global Health Observatory. The crisis has also prompted food insecurity in one in every three households by the end of 2021. )industry: 33% (2017 est. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 12.27% (2021 est. Follow New York Times Travel on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook. )$18,200 (2019 est. (Spanish)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. The form is available in seven languages and can be accessed through the official Electronic Ticket portal. Read the country information page for the Dominican Republic. If you want to get the assistance of experts who can manage and help you better understand your current licensing situation, we can support you in taking control of your software assets. Lined with tall coco palms, its soft, white sand stretches for 10 kilometres (6.2 miles), with a flat slope to the water edge, which makes it perfect for long beach walks. Available for over a year. First of all, it is important to emphasize that you should always check the requirements of the airline you are flying with. The whole list of the countries you can check on this official website. Key government technicians have been trained in the use of a free and open access classroom observation tool (Teach ECE) to improve evaluation of quality of early childhood center services; 30 centers have been evaluated with this tool. Video about todays travel situation and atmosphere Do not physically resist any robbery attempt. )3.78% (2020 est. Having it, you can get a legal stay of up to 30 days. For more than a month, destinations in just one country consistently displayed green, meaning they had generated more search interest than they had two years earlier: the Dominican Republic. Since early December, he has been alternately vacationing and working remotely from Las Terrenas. Last update: a month ago. Australia had been their first pick, but the borders there were still closed to visitors, said Michael Rogers, 28, an event planner from London, who was celebrating a belated honeymoon in Punta Cana. The Strategy aims to increase the resilience of poor and vulnerable households, through social policies and programs to support and strengthen their ability to prepare for, cope with, and recover from a disaster. These lucky people are from Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Israel, Per, South Korea, Japan, Uruguay. )investment in inventories: -0.1% (2017 est. U.S. DEPARTMENT of STATE BUREAU of CONSULAR AFFAIRS, +(809) 567-7775, dial zero (0) ask for Duty Office. )investment in fixed capital: 21.9% (2017 est. There are currently no officially reported cases of infections with SARS-CoV-2 (or Coronavirus) in Dominican Republic. In December, some financial analysts calculated that the country was having its best year economically in 30 years. There is a passport requirement that you need a valid passport with at least one blank page for an entry stamp.

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