Professor Grace Karskens' latest book People of the River: Lost Worlds of Early Australia is part of a new generation of more inclusive Australian histories. Said to be 'in the district of Wanne', but on similarity of name associated with the suburb Turramurra, at the headwaters of the Lane Cove River. "He is so proud of who he is and he wants to make sure his friends at school understand Larrakia culture and embrace it.". The AIATSIS Map of Indigenous Australia - AIATSIS Shop. Ch 1 & 2 Aboriginal Lifestyle and customs. We tell the story of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and create opportunities for people to encounter, engage and be transformed by that story. Author/creator: Tindale, Norman B. Far fewer know their real story. The Eora of coastal Sydney were overwhelmed by the shocking influx of new arrivals, many taken by smallpox within the first two years of contact with the Europeans. The area we know today as Wollongong was originally inhabited by the Dharawal people (also spelled Tarawal or Thuruwal), who remain the Traditional Custodians of this land. Large: 841 x 1188 mm. Different drawings and descriptions of the Eora within their landscape began to emerge: fishing from bark canoes, gathering by campfires, taking part in initiation ceremonies, burial rites and ritual revenge combats. Join us, volunteer and be a part of our journey of discovery! Assumed to be associated with Parramatta area, on similarity of pronunciation, Parrmatta (Tench 1793), Par-ra-mata (King in Hunter 1793). Moombahlene LALC. Their territory also followed the coast northwards to outer South Head, including Bondi. Exploring joy in times of uncertainty: two new Bankstown Arts Centre exhibitions, Showing strength to say NO to domestic violence, SASSi Campsie: bringing Anzac Mall to life to support local businesses, Canterbury-Bankstown's $20 Million Makeover Plan (2), Playground upgrades in time for warmer weather, Campsie Master Plan wins national urban design award, Padstow Heights family lights up for brain cancer, CBCity's Mayoral Christmas toy and hamper drive: Spreading cheer for those in need, Christmas and New Year 2022 Trading Times, Canterbury-Bankstown to host live screening of Socceroos VS Argentina World Cup match, Win for Canterbury-Bankstown Council in the battle for Ashbury's Peace Park, Our free 'bus to the beach' is back: take the hassle out of getting to the beach in January, Celebrate Lunar New Year in spectacular style in CBCity, Better Homes and Gardens star named CBCity's Australia Day Ambassador, Spectacular new water park opens at Greenacre, Celebrate Australia Day & cool down at CBCitys Pool Parties, Welcoming CBCitys new Aussies is the best way to celebrate Australia Day, Most outstanding honoured with CBCity's Australia Day Awards, Campsie Lunar Noodle Markets: Lion dancers, lanterns and all the colour of Lunar New Year, Kicked to the curb: CBCity cracks down on illegal dumping, Residents encouraged to join the clean up campaign, CBCity scores a hat trick with third synethic field, Bankstown Arts Centre presents Homelands for Refugee Week, Canterbury-Bankstowns trial Is building safer roads, CBCity celebrates seniors' 'Immeasurable contributions', CBCity marks 200 years of Greek Independence, CBCity's Back to Events with Movies Under the Stars, CBCity's Bushcare Program inspire local Picasso, CBCity's Innovative Sustainability Programs acknowledged, City of Canterbury Bankstown wins Bluett Award, Council's fastest roundabout Council's fastest roundabout way to prioritise safety, First Sydney Muslim Writers Festival held in Banskstown, Have a say on revised draft Campsie Master Plan, Local favourites will delight foodies at the Campsie Street Festival, Lunar New Year Mural telling stories of emerging Artists in Western Sydney, Oodles of Noodles: Campsie's Lunar New Year, Our Abbey, on her way to the Commonwealth Games, Planning underway for Leisure and Aquatic Projects, School holiday programs connecting generations, Emergency relief and affordable food services, Walshaw Park Bike Track Facility - Casual Application Form, We are still here and we still have support, Wajihah Hamid: Behind the table A Visual Journey, Inspire: An exhibition of works by Bankstown Arts Centre tutors, Native Flora of Yeamaba Lagoon and Picnic Point, Creatures - Caroline Chisholm School Exhibition, 4Elements Music Project (4EMP) Exhibition, The HAMburglar from Bankstown by Hamish Wallace, 2018 GreenWay Art Prize Finalists Exhibition, Anney Bounpraseuth: You Are With Me in Paradise, Shi (Truth and Substance) - Kerryanne Foley, Cultural Cartography: Creating Art at the Intersection of Cultures, Boundless: The festival of Indigenous and culturally diverse writers, Nine Meals from Chaos: Residency and Exhibition Opportunity, Cultural Intersections Across Country Forum, Sydney Review of Books Writers' Residency, Arts & Storytelling workshops with elders, Subscribe to Leisure and Aquatic Centres Enews, Source: A Tourist's Guide to the Sydney Aboriginal Language by Jeremy Steele, Preseus Press, May 2003, Source: Communicating positively, a guide to appropriate Aboriginal terminology, NSW Health, May 2004. Based on place of usual residence . We are Australia's only national institution focused exclusively on the diverse history, cultures and heritage of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australia. Roads & Streets. Sydney: 90,939: 32.7: Melbourne: 32,952: 50.2: Brisbane: 76,942: 32.4 . . We want to share it with everyone," Ms Brown says. Aboriginal people had a different language depending on the area where they lived. See more Australia maps. A map of the Aboriginal tribes of Australia. the top right hand side of the map. The Map Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples first nations. And no, we don't mean Australia. Aboriginal Culture and Communities. Warrane became Sydney Cove, Wogganmagule (Farm Cove), Pannerong (Rose Bay) and Booragy (Bradleys Head). Studioventure: CBCitys new commercial studio will help local businesses thrive, Bankstown Arts Centre branches out with exhibition devoted to trees. "For example, in Brewarrina where I live, there are five or six large Aboriginal families that have settled here and the traditional owners as well.". "This information doesn't come out of a nicely wrapped gift box, you have to work hard to recover the language and cultural practices that have been stolen," she says. He said the name Kuring-gai meant 'men'. It . Darug Clans. We will be developing online culturally responsive and racially literate teacher professional development. Note that the borders between groups are purposefully represented as slightly blurred and are not meant to be exact. In this way the country was divided into small parts. For Gomeroi woman Rachel McPhail, what started as a small act of activismquickly gained national attention. Share. Mrs Elizabeth Macquarie also gave Bungaree a sow and pigs, a pair of Muscovy ducks and outfits for his wife and daughter. The latter was recorded as the native name for . Australia's First Peoples have been living on the Australian continent for millenia. In 1801, Philip Gidley King outlawed Pemulwuy, offering spirits and other rewards for his capture, dead or alive. Eora - Chapter 1 Chapter 1 . This map shows how NSW is made up of around 50 different Aboriginal nations, each with their own language or language group. Sydney's Aboriginal population in 1788 was estimated as between 5000 and 8000 people. Map dimensions when flat: Small: 297 x 420 mm. In this section, explore all the different ways you can be a part of the Museum's groundbreaking research, as well as come face-to-face with our dedicated staff. [2] Near the current site of Tempe House, traces of a fire and some . Younger Australians are more likely to know than older Australians at least 70 per cent of Australians under 30 agree, compared with less than half of those over 65. Ku-ring-gai, Gweagal (Fire Clan) country covered the southern shore of Botany Bay at Kundul (Kurnell) and Kurunulla (Cronulla), extending to the Woronora River in the west and the Georges River to the south. On the afternoon of 28 April 1770, the families of the Gweagal and Kameygal glimpsed abig bird, a vision from another world. They were often very distinct from one another.. or a tribe, who resided to the northward'. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people make up a quarter of the NT population. In the West, we know. Share. Indigenous Symbols, Icons and Imagery. One of the remarkable initiatives to change that is the interactive Gambay map, developed by First Languages Australia with language centres around the country. These drawings were an eloquent witness to their culture, art and spiritual beliefs, marking a time before the arrival of the people from the clouds. We have produced a range of resources, databases, indexes, finding aids and reading lists to help you with your research and to find information in our Collection. Our world leading curriculum resources are keyed to national curriculum requirements. Book now. Around Kamay, the name for Botany Bay, possibly to the north-west of Gwea (Anon ca 1790-1792). You have reached the end of the page. It was a different country then. For Strathfield it is most likely the Wangal. Australian Museum Map Audio guides of exhibitions Visitor safety during COVID-19 Close Navigation . Boorammedegal, Boromedegal, Boora me di-gal, Booramedigal-leon. Check out the What's On calendar of events, workshops and school holiday programs. Aboriginal Country Community Places Aiatsis Language Map These pages may hold conflicting information with other Nations. In 1974, he published the book Aboriginal Tribes of Australia which contains these maps. We produce a range of publications and other resources derived from our research. Access assistance in your state and territory. Caregal initially given as name of 'a man, or a tribe, who resided to the northward'. Whilst the south side of Parramatta River was Wangal country, the north side, west of its intersection with the Lane Cove River, was home to the Wallumedegal or Wallamattagal, a name derived from wallumai, the snapper fish. He regarded Bungaree as "a worthy and brave fellow" who saved the expedition on more than one occasion. And Tasmania isn't the only state contending with these issues. She saysyou can't go anywhere in the Northern Territory without being immersed in Aboriginal culture. They identified themselves as Eora (pronounced yura), meaning simply the people. The AIATSIS map serves as a visual reminder of the richness and diversity of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australia. In some circumstances, terms and annotations of the period in which a text was written may be considered inappropriate today. This map is an attempt to represent all the language, tribal or nation groups of Indigenous peoples of Australia. The Victorian Aboriginal Heritage Council is pleased to announce that the Melbourne CBD, along with Country and Waters to the east and west, will now be formally cared for and protected by its Traditional Owners. Bungaree (c. 1775-1830) was an Eora man from Broken Bay, north of Sydney. Boundaries are not intended to be exact. Burramatta (eel water place) was at first called Rose Hill, but would later be renamed Parramatta by Governor Phillip. If you are doing an Acknowledgement or a document and are not sure what to say, it can be quite effective to acknowledge these facts and to give people an opportunity to reflect on why things are the way they are. Dont trash it, Recycle it, Premier to attend CBCity COVID Community Forum, CBCity supports local jobs for local people, Council's masked heros delivering more than meals, $500,000 in grants to support CBCity community groups, CBCity businesses get "Inside" scoop on COVID payments, Upgraded play space for Paul Keating park, Program sparks culture, connection and creation, Mayor announces extra COVID support for CBCity, Canterbury-Bankstown unites to help needy cope with COVID, CBCity creating better ways to stay safe and connected, CBCity provides at home school holiday fun, Unveiled: Canterbury's new leisure and aquatic centre, Canterbury-Bankstown mayor joins fight against State Government cash grab, New freedoms for residents as health restrictions ease, CBCity provides tools to increase community safety, CBCity improves safety at eight school crossings, Recognising Canterbury-Bankstown's extraordinary young people, Playground upgrades create places for all, New separated off-leash dog parks on the way, Congratulating CBCity's champion children and youth, 60 years in one job: life-long career celebrated, Canterbury-Bankstown celebrates Christmas, 'Local kindness rangers' lend a helping hand, Christmas and New Year 2021 Trading Times, Make a splash by becoming a swim instructor, Celebrate Lunar New Year in Canterbury-Bankstown, Australia Day Awards: CBCity's residents honoured, World-Class Sounds To Echo Through Bankstown, CBCity's Seniors To Kick Goals With New Walking Football Program, Celebrate 50 years of Vietnamese culture with CBCity, Ramadan Nights Lakemba returns in full swing, Ramadan Nights Lakemba: Take your tastebuds on an island adventure, Finding a job and having fun CBCitys Youth Week, Let your hair hang down at Youth Festival, Save on School Holiday activities this Autumn, Popular free swim instructor course returns, New look for water tanks adds more beauty to our parks, Campsie streets to come alive with major food and arts festival, Keep Connected, stay inspired meet our local heroes, CBCity hosts Australias largest citizenship ceremony, Volunteer call out for Canterbury-Bankstown Meals on Wheels, Bankstown set for a major transformation as a health and wellbeing precinct, Find your four-legged bestie at the CBCity Animal Shelter, Bryan Brown opens Little Library in Milperra, Greenacre family delights Australian Citizenship Ceremony, Meals on Wheels needs more volunteers to meet demand, Celebrate NAIDOC Week: a time to focus on challenges faced by First Nations People, WINTER FUN FOR KIDS WITH SCHOOL HOLIDAY ACTIVITIES. The Dharug, originally a Western Sydney people, were bounded by the Kuringgai to the northeast around Broken Bay, the . It was created in 1996 as part of the Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia project and attempts to show language, social or nation groups based on published sources available up to 1994. The interactive map is made up of several layers. Why broadcaster Daniel Browning says the NAIDOC theme is not a statement it's a provocation, Indigenous (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander), Inside the family succession drama threatening to change the K-pop industry forever, Self-help author Marianne Williamson launches primary challenge against Joe Biden for 2024 Democratic nomination, Five-centuries-old saffron and ginger found preserved in shipwreck off Sweden, Chinese migrants walked a gruelling 500km to Victoria's goldfields in the 19th century. The territory of the Gadi (gal) people stretched along the southern side of Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour) from South Head to around what is now known as Petersham. Additional layers and updates will be added to the map over time. Lane Cove, A word derived from Ee (yes) and ora (here, or this place), it revealed their deep connection to the land. Discover moreNAIDOC Week 2021 stories from right across the ABC. Additional layers and updates will be added to the map over time. Most Aboriginal people will have a 'moiety,' 'totem' or 'spirit protector' and usually an individual will have more than one - tribal, gender, family, personal. He returned in 1795 and died at Kissing Point, in Sydney's North West suburb of Putney, on 3 January 1813. This map attempts to represent the language, social or nation groups of Aboriginal Australia. Probably to the north-west of Parramatta, between Parramatta and Hawkesbury River, possibly around present day Castle Hill. When unfolded, the map measures: 297x420mm. Listen, learn and be inspired by the stories of Australias First Peoples. The map isnt the only source of information; if you would like more information about Australian Indigenous languages please see our Austlang database. News Read all our latest news and media releases. AIATSIS holds the worlds largest collection dedicated to Australian. If you reproduce a map in a report or publication, please acknowledge the . About NSWALC. Wanne (King in Hunter 1793) extended along the south side of the harbour from Long Cove (Darling Harbour) to Rose Hill, which the local inhabitants called Parramatta. Our A3 Language Map is printed on thick paper, and includes how to say common greetings for six NSW languages. These sources include: written descriptions, oral histories, drawn and painted illustrations as well as objects collected by the earliest . interest, administrative boundaries, landmarks and features. [1] Botany Bay did not yet exist, but was instead a huge dune field. Discover resources for finding out about Aboriginal words as place names in the Australian Museum Research Library. "[Tasmania's history] helped to define the term genocide, which was coined in the 1940s by Raphael Lemkin," Emma Lee says. This map, which covers Sydney's inner city area, identifies the location of places that have historical associations for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Sydney. Faith Baisden from First Languages Australia says, much like in Tasmania, colonisation impacted the retention of language and culture in south-east Queensland. in As part of the Australia Talks National Survey 2021 we asked an accurately weighted cross-section of the population,and the results variedwildly across the nation. This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience onourwebsite. In January of 1788, after rejecting Botany Bay as unsuitable, Governor Arthur Phillip chose Sydney Cove in the harbour of Port Jackson as the site of the first English outpost and convict colony in Australia. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Authentic Aboriginal Australian Didgeridoo - David Roo Dryden, Yorta Yorta Tribe at the best online prices at eBay! The warm East Australian Current flows down the New South Wales (NSW) coast, making it a popular habitat for sharks. Arranged into four main sections (East, West, North and South), this story reflects the geographical location of the Eora clans (-gal) of Port Jackson and coastal Sydney. There are also variations in the way that some language or group names are spelt. An interactive map of all LALC's in NSW. Navigated a tiny vessel a distance of 5800 kilometres, charting part of the north-east coast of Australia along the way. This story may also contain words and descriptions that might be culturally sensitive, not normally used in certain public or community contexts. Wallumede. The 2.75-hectare park features wetland, wet forest, woodland, rainforest and tropical plants. One layer can be viewed at a time, and the layers and location points can be superimposed Could you identify the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander country, language group or community who are the traditional owners where you live? This service may include material from Agence France-Presse (AFP), APTN, Reuters, AAP, CNN and the BBC World Service which is copyright and cannot be reproduced. Shows original regions of aboriginal tribes in Australia. Estimated to be around 25, he had an appetite such that 'the ration of a week was insufficient to have kept him for a day'. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people should be aware that this website may contain images, voices and names of deceased persons. They illustrate the diversity of these languages. Currently, we find more than 400 Indigenous Australians with a total of 4.000 inhabitants. As you can see, there's asignificant knowledge gapbetween states. Are bills set to rise? By early February, two boats commanded by Captain John Hunter of HMS Sirius had begun to survey, chart and rename the features of Port Jackson. Tindale's, South Australian Museum. Samuel John Neeles 1804 engraving of Pimbloy is the only known image of Pemulwuy. You can access the map by clicking on the button below. "A lot of people in Queensland were affected by movement conditions and loss of their languages," she says. An interactive map of more than 780 languages around Australia. The Tribunal provides maps on a national, state, territory and regional level. Sydney and it is understandable that people wish to use it as it is convenient to have a single word to cover the language, tribe/nation, identity and culture of a region. Wau-maille [War-mul] which the Cannemegal was said to inhabit was one of eight place names in the district of Rose Hill which was 10 minutes walk westward from Rose Hill (Anon ca 1790 1792). Women (65 per cent) are more likely to know than men (49 per cent). The original Aboriginal inhabitants of the City of Sydney local area are the Gadigal people. AGD 56 341854 6256690 METROPOLITAN 4 30/09/05, p.8037 Located entirely within Sydney Harbour National Park. David R Horton (creator), AIATSIS, 1996. We pay our respects to Elders past and present. In this section, there's a wealth of information about our collections of scientific specimens and cultural objects. Our political leanings also seem to influence our awareness. Receive the latest news on events, exhibitions, scienceresearch and specialoffers. Aboriginal place name Map datum Zone Easting Northing Local Aboriginal Land Council Buffer distance (km) Gazettal Date and page . It's a very different story in the Top End, where over 100 traditional languages and dialects are spoken. Get better value by buying up to 6 maps for the same postage fee! Rodius frequented the nearby Domain, where he made many sketches of Aboriginal people, including the View from the Government Domain, Sydney 1833, in which fishermen at Woolloomooloo Bay (Walla-mulla) wore cut-off trousers, yet still used the traditional mooting or pronged fishing spear. Some local government areas are more willing than others to acknowledge the traditional names of their areas. This map indicates only the general location of larger groupings of people, which may include smaller groups such as clans, dialects, or individual languages in a group. Co-creator and Warrgamay woman Melinda Holden saysthe map has"sparked an interest to engage in Aboriginal culture", including among schools. A husband of Bennelongs sister Warreeweer, Gnung-a Gnung- a was given the name Collins by the English colonists, adopting it from Judge Advocate David Collins. Once Australia consisted of many great nations, each with its own cultural heritage. Contact us; Last updated: 29/06/2020; Copyright 2010 - 2013 University of Sydney This was the discovery ship, HM Bark Endeavour. Full title: Map showing the distribution of the Aboriginal tribes of Australia [cartographic material] / by Norman B. Tindale. Why this 'quiet' 1970s farmhouse has been added to the NSW heritage list. "[Low awareness reflects] the nature of the genocide and the after effectof the silence.". This guide supports educators to make conscious and critical decisions when selecting curriculum resources. Author: Norman Tindale Published: 1940 Call number: M3 804eca/1788/1A , M3 804eca/1788/1 In 1940, anthropologist Norman Tindale published his attempt at listing all Australian Aboriginal groups at the time of European settlement, based on his fieldwork and other sources. Burubirangal, Bu-ru-be-ron-gal, Buruberongal, Boo-roo-bir-rong-gal, Boo-roo-ber-on-gal, Boorooberongal. The only surviving record of Aboriginal culture by the Aboriginal people themselves is contained in their art, found on rocks and in caves across the country. "Today in places where language is not used, you are seeing a striking difference in retention of knowledge.". Blacktown City is proud to be home to the largest urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population in Australia. Gweea was on the southern shore of Botany Bay (Tench 1793). They lived in semi-nomadic communities of around 50 members, each with their own hunting district. Described by Marine Captain Watkin Tench as a young man, with a speck, or blemish, on his left eye, Pemulwuy led raids against the colonists, burning crops and killing livestock all over Sydney. Use ourinteractive toolto see the results and how your answers compare. Eora is also commonly used for Sydney. This map displays the percentage of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people as a proportion of Australia. "It's a difficult journey, it's a generational journey.". We acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Australians and Traditional Custodians of the lands where we live, learn, and work. The National Native Title Tribunal also produces maps that show native title claims determinations. In 1845 Mahroot said the Liverpool blacks were called Cobrakalls'(In: Select Committee on the Condition of the Aborigines Report 1845). In this section you will find out why it is important to consider the different Aboriginal groups and how they are structured when working with Aboriginal communities. Ms McPhail is now working to create a comprehensive database of traditional place names across the country. 299 Rouse Street TENTERFIELD NSW 2372. This is the only work to explore the minutiae of Sydney Aboriginal daily life, detailing the food they ate; the tools, weapons, and equipment they used; and the beliefs . Bankstown Winter Weekends: fabulous free entertainment for all! Wollombi Aboriginal Cultural Experiences and Consultancy shares this area's rich culture and history on tours and camps in and around Yengo National Park. You can also print your map by clicking on the print icon at How can the Family History Unit help you. Natives of Botany Bay, 1789, is perhaps the first image of Australian Indigenous people published in England after the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788. Wallumede was on the north shore, opposite Warrane (Sydney Cove) (King in Hunter 1793). An English artist and engraver transported for forgery, Lycetts work captures the Cadigal heartland around inner South Head (Burrawara), Camp Cove (Cadi) and Watsons Bay (Kutti). Working as a draughtsman and engraver in Paris, he was charged for theft and sent to New South Wales in 1829. The Stanner Reading Room and client access rooms will be closed from, Guide to evaluating and selecting education resources, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people should be aware that this website may contain images, voices and names of deceased persons, Alternative spellings of names on the AIATSIS map of Indigenous Australia, Find out moreabout permissions and using the map, Explore the National Native Title Tribunal maps, Records about adoption, fostering and institutions, Return of material to Indigenous communities, Alternative settlements and modelling loss and reparation for compensation, Indigenous languages preservation: Dictionaries project, Livelihood values of Indigenous customary fishing, Preserve, Strengthen and Renew in community, Report on the Situation and Status of Indigenous Cultures and Heritage, Third National Indigenous Languages Survey, Publishing a research publication with us, Native title access The town has bilingual signage in community buildings, an Aboriginal meeting place, and an eldersadvisory committee. However, it is . Hundreds of languages and dialects are geographically located on the map, connecting users to learning centres and quick tutorials with traditional language speakers. Map NO BORDERS - Native & Common Names - This map comes with no state or province borders, traditional Tribal names. They lived here in the place we call Sydney, now a city of over 4 million people. Outlines represented sky heroes, men and women, clubs, shields, whales, sharks, fish, kangaroos, echidnas, birds and lizards. Add to cart. Just outside of Brisbane is the electorate of Rankin, which is home to more than 5,000 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Clans or bands (called "tribes" by the Europeans . Olympic hopeful helps seniors shoot for the stars, CBCity adopts new Disability Inclusion Action Plan, Roll into new and improved skatepark at Roberts Park, Bankstown reaches new heights with one of Sydney's largest mobile cranes, Explore the hidden stories of Bankstown at the Biennale: SubTerrains, CBCity awards more than $400k to local organisations in need of financial support, Family day care crisis as centres are increasingly desperate for educators, Canterbury-Bankstown Kids Speak Out at the Childrens Summit, CBCity wins Keep Australia Beautiful Sustainable Cities award for recycled glass in road base, Join the Tug O War Cup & say NO to domestic violence, A CBCity Christmas Carol with Mahalia Barnes, Children and Youth awards: honouring our local heroes.

Meisner Emotional Preparation, Mercedes Isd Superintendent, Articles S