vector a living intermediary that carries an agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host (see also transmission, biologic and transmission, mechanical) (e.g., mosquitoes, fleas, or ticks). false-negative a negative test result for a person who actually has the condition similarly, a person who has the disease (perhaps mild or variant) but who does not fit the case definition, or a patient or outbreak not detected by a surveillance system. ; the effective transmission rate. . The alternative is adopted if the null hypothesis (see also hypothesis, null) proves implausible. The percentage of individuals afflicted with an illness who die as a result of it. survey a systematic canvassing of persons to collect information, often from a representative sample of the population. Synonymsfor Infection rate 35 other terms for infection rate- words and phrases with similar meaning Lists synonyms antonyms definitions sentences thesaurus phrases suggest new cancer rates contamination level high prevalence hiv infection hiv prevalence hiv-infection rate incidence rate infection rates level of contamination level of infection [1] Because it takes account of susceptibility it can be used to compare the rate of transmission between different groups of the population for the same infectious disease, or even between different infectious diseases. Populations are followed, and disease, death, or other health-related outcomes are documented and compared. cumulative frequency in a frequency distribution, the number or proportion of observations with a particular value and any smaller value. can be calculated for an infectious disease in an endemic state if homogeneous mixing of the population and a rectangular population distribution (such as that generally found in developed countries), rather than a pyramid, is assumed. The rate of occurrence of new cases of a disease. attack rate, secondary a measure of the frequency of new cases of a disease among the contacts of known patients. false-positive a positive test result for a person who actually does not have the condition. Mesoendemic An endemic disease with a moderate rate of infection. Solve Now. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. incidence rate a measure of the frequency with which new cases of illness, injury, or other health condition occur, expressed explicitly per a time frame. There was a failure rate of one pupil in ten in the exam. Synonyms disorder, problem, trouble, disease, upset, illness, sickness, ailment, affliction, malady, indisposition in the sense of contagion Definition a corrupting influence that tends to spread They have been reluctant to admit patients with the disease because of fears of contagion. Such a calculation is difficult because not all new infections are reported, and it is often difficult to know how many susceptibles were exposed. The rate at which electromagnetic energy is absorbed by a kilogram of tissue, usually expressed as the heat absorbed by the tissue, or as the power absorbed per unit of mass. dose-response association between an exposure and health outcome that varies in a consistently increasing or decreasing fashion as the amount of exposure (dose) increases. survival curve a line graph that begins with 100% of the study population and displays the percentage of the population still surviving at successive points in time. infection rate. The normal range is between 120 and 160 beats per minute. outbreak the occurrence of more cases of disease, injury, or other health condition than expected in a given area or among a specific group of persons during a specific period. syndrome a combination of symptoms characteristic of a disease or health condition; sometimes refers to a health condition without a clear cause (e.g., chronic fatigue syndrome). notifiable disease a disease that, by law, must be reported to public health authorities upon diagnosis. This type of graph is useful for identifying medians and quartiles and other percentiles. The rate at which an individual, tissue, or organ grows over time. This is usually measured at a time when the subject is completely at rest and in a fasting state. The code for attribution links is required. Columns are drawn so that their bases equal the class intervals (i.e., so that columns of adjacent intervals touch), and their heights correspond to the class frequencies. NCHS The National Center for Health Statistics, the US governmental organization responsible for national vital statistics and multiple national health surveys. Until the beginning of 2010, the worm had managed to crash 20% of Iran's functioning centrifuges for uranium enrichment, setting back the country's nuclear program with 2 years. Synonyms for Rates of infection.Retrieved July 10, 2021, from https://www.classicthesaurus.com/rates_of_infection/synonyms The purpose is to examine rate of change instead of amount of change only. The process of infecting or the state of being infected A measure of the contagiousness of a disease or illness Any contagious disease that spreads rapidly and kills many people more Noun An infectious disease disease illness virus contagion disorder indisposition infirmity affliction ailment bug complaint condition lurgy problem sickness endemic the constant presence of an agent or health condition within a given geographic area or population; can also refer to the usual prevalence of an agent or condition. years of potential life lost (YPLL) a measure of the impact of premature death on a population, calculated as the sum of the differences between a predetermined minimally acceptable age (e.g., 65 years or current life expectancy) and the age at death for everyone who died earlier than that age. Tea-flavored ice cream doesn't rate highly in my book. asymmetrical a type of distribution where the shape to the right and left of the central location is not the same. Data as of December 2022 and NOTE: dose response & no vaxxKeep in mind that wherever there has been elevated COVID vaccine rates, there are elevated excess infections and A record represents data related to a single case. MRSA infections decreased by 63% (n = 19 before and n = 7 after) in a 19-month period after the intervention. ; Quelle note lui donneriez-vous sur 10?. cause-specific mortality rate see mortality rate, cause-specific. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. A crude mortality rate see mortality rate, crude. Epitomizing this problem is the Staphylococcus . environmental factor an extrinsic factor (e.g., geology, climate, insects, sanitation, or health services) that affects an agent and the opportunity for exposure. This term is often used to describe the prevalence of malaria in a local area, with 10 to 50% of children showing evidence of prior infection being considered a moderate level . The metabolic rate as measured 12 hr after eating, after a restful sleep, with no exercise or activity preceding testing, with elimination of emotional excitement, and at a comfortable temperature. Synonym: Upper Respiratory Tract Infections, Recurrent. Case-control and cohort studies are observational studies (see also study, experimental). axis one of the dimensions of a graph in a rectangular graph, the x-axis is the horizontal axis, and the y-axis is the vertical axis. In epidemiology, the data are usually summaries of the frequency of occurrence of an event or characteristic occurring among different groups. cohort, birth a group of persons born during a particular period or year. transmission, vectorborne transmission of an agent by a living intermediary (e.g., tick, mosquito, or flea); considered a type of indirect transmission. A white blood cell (WBC) count measures the number of white blood cells in a sample of blood. Global daily statistics. hypothesis, alternative the supposition that an exposure is associated with the health condition under study. measure of dispersion see measure of spread. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. Performs all aspects of patient care in an environment that optimizes patient safety and reduces the likelihood of medical/healthcare errors. A safe and effective vaccine that offers 98% to 100% protection against hepatitis B is available. {\displaystyle \lambda } study, analytic a study, usually observational, in which groups are compared to identify and quantify associations, test hypotheses, and identify causes. is the average time spent in the susceptible group before becoming infected. That is to say, Objective Rheumatology patients are at high risk for complications from pneumococcal infections. rated the movie excellent; rated him a fine cook. portal of entry a pathway into the host that gives an agent access to tissue that will allow it to multiply or act. iSYNONYM. the relative values of the currencies of two or more countries. The number of heartbeats per unit of time, usually expressed or written as number per minute. normal curve the bell-shaped curve that results when a normal distribution is graphed. analytic epidemiology see epidemiology, analytic. x-axis the horizontal axis of a rectangular graph, usually displaying the independent variable (e.g., time). cohort a well-defined group of persons who have had a common experience or exposure and are then followed up, as in a cohort study or prospective study, to determine the incidence of new diseases or health events. Energy used is calculated from the amount of oxygen used during the test. table an arrangement of data in rows and columns. dependent variable see variable, dependent. APA: Classic Thesaurus. Normal, bell-shaped distributions are symmetrical; the mean, median, and mode are the same. Data from these systems are used to learn about health status, health care, provision and use of services, and the impact of services and programs on health. synonyms for infection Compare Synonyms bug disease epidemic flu pollution virus contagion corruption defilement germs impurity poison communicability contagiousness insanitation septicity what's going around See also synonyms for: infections antonyms for infection MOST RELEVANT sanitation sterility I was wondering the rate at which alcohol induces brain damage; I know that over some years, damage occurs, but does anything happen after a month of drinking on weekends? The y-axis, measuring frequency, uses an arithmetic scale. Learn a new word every day. Payday lending is an established form of lending in the US and Canada. Good synonyms? Toxoplasmosis Q fever Influenza Toxocara A Word From Immediate Delivery. An example of a rate is: 1 HAI per 10,000 patient days in Hospital X in 2009. The rate of occurrence of negative test results in those who have the attribute or disease for which they are being tested. (since rate is 1/time). hypothesis, null the supposition that two (or more) groups do not differ in the measure of interest (e.g., incidence or proportion exposed); the supposition that an exposure is not associated with the health condition under study, so that the risk ratio or odds ratio equals 1. cluster an aggregation of cases of a disease, injury, or other health condition (particularly cancer and birth defects) in a circumscribed area during a particular period without regard to whether the number of cases is more than expected (often the expected number is not known). Broad-spectrum antivirals are needed to safeguard against emerging variants and future pandemics. Using the term to describe the person rather than the health condition is discouraged (see also case-patient). The speed of administration of a solution in mL/hr. A carrier can be asymptomatic (never indicate signs of the disease) or can display signs of the disease only during the incubation period, convalescence, or postconvalescence. {\displaystyle \lambda } mode of transmission the manner in which an agent is transmitted from its reservoir to a susceptible host (see also transmission). table, two-by-two a two-variable table with cross-tabulated data, in which each variable has only two categories. frequency the amount or number of occurrences of an attribute or health outcome among a population. The number of stillbirths (in which the gestation period was 28 weeks or more) in the first 7 days of life divided by the number of live births plus stillbirths in the same year. In calculating neonatal mortality rates, the numerator is the number of deaths among this age group during a given period, and the denominator is the number of live births reported during the same period. The WBC count is measured in a reference range of values by the number of blood cells in a cubic millimeter . Surgical site infection rate in India has varies from 2.5% to 41.9%. spectrum of illness the range of manifestations a disease process can take (e.g., from asymptomatic to mild clinical illness to severe illness and death). scale, nominal a measurement scale consisting of qualitative categories whose values have no inherent statistical order or rank (e.g., categories of race/ethnicity, religion, or country of birth). map, area (shaded, choropleth) a visual display of the geographic pattern of a health problem, in which a marker is placed on a map to indicate where each affected person lives, works, or might have been exposed. THE PROBLEM WITH TRUMPS HERD MENTALITY LINE ISNT THE VERBAL FLUB. bias a systematic deviation of results or inferences from the truth or processes leading to such systematic deviation; any systematic tendency in the collection, analysis, interpretation, publication, or review of data that can lead to conclusions that are systematically different from the truth. class limits the values at the upper and lower ends of a class interval. line graph, semilogarithmic-scale a graph that displays patterns or trends by plotting the frequency (e.g., number, proportion, or rate) of a characteristic or event during some variable, usually time. Wer auf der Strae oder in ffentlichen Gebuden ohne Mund-Nasen-Schutz erwischt wurde, musste mit . Many conditions, including infections, medications, inflammatory diseases, and blood or bone marrow disorders, can cause an abnormal WBC count. case-fatality rate (also called case-fatality ratio) the proportion of persons with a particular condition (e.g., patients) who die from that condition. ing. {\displaystyle \lambda } incidence proportion the fraction of persons with new cases of illness, injury, or other health condition during a specified period, calculated as the number of new cases divided by the size of the population at the start of the study period (see also attack rate). rate ratio a measure of association that quantifies the relation between an exposure and a health outcome from an epidemiologic study, calculated as the ratio of incidence rates or mortality rates of two groups. heart rate or heart rhythm problems, chest pain or discomfort, pain or tingling in the hands or feet, and fatigue. a high (monthly) accident rate in a factory. suggest new. In epidemiology, force of infection (denoted ) is the rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease. The key differences between two common pathogens. biologic transmission see transmission, biologic. There are more than 100 varieties of human papillomavirus (HPV). There have been at least 556,201,000 reported infections and 6,776,000 reported deaths caused by the new coronavirus . Non-sterile gloves are just as effective as sterile gloves in preventing surgical site infection after minor skin surgeries, Detection of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Anopheles stephensi in Punjab, Pakistan, A prospective study to assess risk factors for surgical site infections in a tertiary care center, infantile, generalized GM1 gangliosidosis, Infection Management & Environmental Plan, Infection Prevention & Control Department, Infection Surveillance and Control Program, Infections with a predominantly sexual mode of transmission. This value is usually expressed as deaths per 100,000 live births. immunity, active resistance developed in response to an antigen (i.e., an infecting agent or vaccine), usually characterized by the presence of antibody produced by the host. You can complete the list of synonyms of infection rate given by the English Thesaurus dictionary with other English dictionaries: Wikipedia, Lexilogos, Oxford, Cambridge, Chambers Harrap, Wordreference, Collins Lexibase dictionaries, Merriam Webster English-Synonyms dictionary : translate English words into Synonyms with online dictionaries. rates of hiv aids. proportionate mortality the proportion of deaths among a population attributable to a particular cause during a selected period. droplet nuclei the residue of dried droplets of infectious agents that is easily inhaled and exhaled and can remain suspended in air for relatively long periods or be blown over great distances. Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary. odds ratio a measure of association used in comparative studies, particularly case-control studies, that quantifies the association between an exposure and a health outcome; also called the cross-product ratio. contagious capable of being transmitted from one person to another by contact or close proximity. outlier a value substantively or statistically different from all (or approximately all) of the other values in a distribution. We study 5,916 people who have Escherichia urinary tract infection or Peak expiratory flow rate decreased. portal of exit a pathway by which an agent can leave its host. case definition a set of uniformly applied criteria for determining whether a person should be identified as having a particular disease, injury, or other health condition. epidemiology, applied the application or practice of epidemiology to control and prevent health problems. infectivity the ability of an infectious agent to cause infection, measured as the proportion of persons exposed to an infectious agent who become infected. A 2003 analysis in the Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes calculated that more than $18 billion in medical costs could have been saved by the year 2010 had the CDC invested just $383 million more in prevention programming per year from 2000 to 2005, an amount that theoretically could have cut the annual HIV, About 70 percent of the country's people are Catholic; Burundi has an HIV, Each of the 1,000 simulations at the given, Adult HIV prevalence in Swaziland is above 40 percent, and Malawi is struggling with a 14 percent, At almost 39 percent, Swaziland's adult HIV, The project was established in 2001 in response to the growing HIV, We will continue to look for ways to lower the, In an article published in the February 2003 issue of Conservation Biology, he and his team found that important Northeastern tick host species such as white-footed mice fared better when forest tracts were smaller than five acres, and that the, Using a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences approach, they examined whether states with higher exposure to the reformulated OxyContin had faster growth of HCV, Similarly, a recent comparative study suggested that chlorhexidine appeared superior to povidone-iodine, as the latter tripled the.

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