Viscosity of aqueous solutions of polysaccharides and hydrophobically modified polysaccharides: Application of Fedors equation. Pig skins (Micropig Franz cell membrane) were supplied by Medi Kinetics Co., Ltd. (Pyeongtaek, Korea). Trop J Pharm Res. Webdextran hydrodynamic radius. The Mark-Houwink parameters indicate the dependence with temperature (T) in the range from 20 to 50C, ie with increasing T a increases and kM-H decreases. The micropore formed at the SC through to the epidermis, enabling drug delivery. The skin culture medium was purchased from Biopredic International (Saint-Grgoire, France). Arond L.H. For 40 kDa molecules, the hydrodynamic diameter d h ~8 nm is much smaller than the collagen mesh size [33,41]. We believe that the microporation device can be used as a potential technique for effective transdermal drug delivery. MeSH Google Scholar. Dextran Specifications: Label (Ex/Em): Fluorescein (494/521) Size: 40,000 MW. ; Rjumtsev, E.I. volume24, Articlenumber:22 (2020) Experimental Review on Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements and Temperature Effect.". Drug Deliv. In fact, short chains do contain minor branching points. Dextran. Huggins equation [41] gives the relation to the relative viscosity increase (i). Determination of polymer structure by Gel Permeation Chromatography. Dextran Utilization During Its Synthesis by Weissella cibaria RBA12 Can Be Overcome by Fed-Batch Fermentation in a Bioreactor. If there are particles in the sample, the incident laser light gets scattered in all directions. Nair SS. Ultimately they concluded that the temperature increment found to be an effective force in disturbing these interactions, mainly between polymer-polymer and polymer-solvent molecules for the used system. HSE and DK helped to porate the skin and to measure TEWL. 113, 81-86. Singh TRR, Garland MJ, Cassidy CM, Migalska K, Demir YK, Ryan SAE, Woolfson D, Donnelly RF. Pharm Res. Proc of SPIE. Doke SK, Dhawale SC. Rissmann R, Oudshoorn MHM, Hennink WE, Ponec M, Bouwstra JA. The calculation of Mark-Houwink parameters is carried out by the graphic representation of the following equation: where kMH (cm3/g) and a are Mark-Houwink constants, depending on the type of polymer, solvent, and temperature of intrinsic viscosity determinations [46]. Drug Discov Today Technol. ; Dutt, N.V.K. Microporation applications for enhancing drug delivery. 2019;9(3-S):9726. The .gov means its official. Sci. In this sense, the largest deviations were obtained for the highest molecular weight (580-2000kDa with values from 0.8467 to 0.7346). Table1 shows TEWL values measured immediately after the microporation of human and pig skins. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 42, 133-137. Lim SB, Tingirikari JMR, Seo JS, Li L, Shim S, Seo JH, Han NS. After the pore closure examination, each sample was stored in a 10% neutral buffered formalin awaiting haematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. The Mark-Houwink a constant is close to 0.5 in poor solvents. Springer Nature. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. The term f/f0 is sometimes denoted as P, Perrin constant. ; Prasad, D.H.L. Hennink, W.E. This is because the macromolecule hydrodynamic radius changes the solution type and temperature via change in their chain exibility. The mechanism of the dextran-induced red blood cell Aggregation. The relation between Mw and the intrinsic viscosity is given by Mark-Houwink equation. The first term on the left-hand side of equation 2 (i/c) has a linear relation as a function of the concentration (c in g/cm3), where is the intrinsic viscosity [] is given by (c0) [42, 43]. All possible degrees of curling can be displayed by any molecule, but there will be an average configuration which will depend on the solvent. Each skin pores was captured using a microscope and the obtained images were analyzed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA). Increased TEWL values are evidence of micropores formation. The skin poration was performed using the microporation device (LG electronics, Korea). Arch Dermatol Res. (2003). The measurements of dextrans molecular weight were determined by size exclusion HPLC (Gilson, France) with Refraction Index detector using a Polysep-GFC-P5000 column (7.8030 mm). Typically, the hydrodynamic diameter of the micelles is about 100 nm and the critical micelle concentration is about 10 mg/L. The Mark-Houwink. Article 1905/05) for their financial support. The analysis of errors using the Solomon-Ciuta method is compared with HM [59]. European Biophysical Journal, 36, 85-94. The range of temperatures used was 25-50 (0.1) C and it was regulated by thermostatic bath Haake C. The viscosity measurements required Hagenbach-Couette correction time (tg 37.31s). Antoniou, E.; Buitrago, C. F.; Tsianou, M.; Alexandridis, P. (2010). Figure3 shows a magnified image of human cadaver skin with microchannels formed by the microporation device (250kHz) and the skin closure over time. Granath, K. A. Analytes and stationary phase with Universal Calibration Relative Measurement Concentration and MW detector: RI + Viscometer Relationship between hydrodynamic volume (MW*intrinsic viscosity) and elution volume Multiple detection From Table 1, It is worth noting that the value of 2 is above 0.95, being an acceptable value for viscosimetric measurement. A similar combination involves the intrinsic viscosity and specific volume: (a/b) is called Einstein viscosity increment, and Vs is specific volume (cm3/g). ; Bataille, B. (1937). Challenges for the modern analytical ultracentrifuge analysis of polysaccharides. 2013;3(5):3588605. (2013). Naik A, Kalia YN, Guy RH. Macromolecules, 29, 2265-2268. (1958). Eng. Although we didnt conduct assay for inflammation, we could not find any inflammation symptoms such as redness, blisters, cracked, and thickening. a-d Haematoxylin/eosin-stained histological sections of human cadaver skin sample and e quantified data using ImageJ for different time periods after microporation. Various average molecular weights (Mv, Mn, Mw, and Mz) instead of Mv were substituted in M-H equation. After 24h the micropores were either closed or reduced further to smaller sizes, 37.5020.41, 50.5718.07, and 58.5814.99m, for 2, 5, and 10 times microporation, respectively. Google Scholar. Coviello, T.; Matricardi, P.; Marianecci, C.; Alhaique, F. (2007). Thus, it is accepted that, for every flexible-chain polymer in a (ideal) solvent, there is a universal value of 0 = 2.1-2.5x1023mol-1 [52]. Progress in Measurement, Interpretation and Application to Structure in Dilute Solution. Intrinsic viscosity molecular weight relationship. Chem. De Belder, A. N. (2001). Mitragotri S. Mechanical disruption of skin barrier for vaccine delivery. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. J. Braz. Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifora, Marieta; Eich, Andreas; Wolf, Bernhard A. Walkenhorst, S.; Olivier, R. (2002). WebDiffusivity of 2000 kDa Dextran was significantly lower for both hydrogel formulations, but was insensitive to collagen concentration, likely due to a larger hydrodynamic diameter (d h ~ 70 nm) on order of the collagen mesh size. Ortega, A.; Garca de la Torre, J. Strategies to improve the potential of transdermal devices by enhancing the skin permeation of therapeutic entities. Dextran Triple Detector Application Note 1, Viscotek GmbH, USA. The measurements of the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were taken using the Tewameter (Courage-Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) to evaluate the skin barrier function after microporation. Table 2 compares the properties of nanoparticles coated with one or other polymer. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. The receptor phase was collected immediately (time 0) and 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24h. This receptor phase solution was transferred to a 96-well plate and the skin-permeated FITC-dextran was measured using a microplate reader (Molecular Devices, Co. Ltd., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) at 405nm. 2000;3(9):31826. It is well tolerated on parenteral infusion by most people but a very low incidence Formul. Skin barrier disruption by acetone: observations in a hairless mouse skin model. On single point determination of intrinsic viscosity. II. (1991). A solvent at this temperature is called a theta solvent [53]. Viswanath, D.S. FITC-dextran molecular weights; 4, 10, and 20kDa molecular weight were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Chromatographic characterization of polymers: Hyphenated and multidimensional techniques. However, the results did not show significant regeneration of micropore compared to previous in vivo studies which reported significant regeneration [25]. J Appl Toxicol. Conversely, fluorescein sodium was the compound selected to model hydrophilic, low MW drugs. Indo AM J Pharm. Nat Biotechnol. Colloid and Polymer Science, 286, 1223-1231. Learn More. 2003;89(2):31120. Amersham Biosciences, AA Edition, www.amershambiosciences.com. Journal of Physical Chemistry. Guner, Ali (1999). Surface morphology study of dextran by scanning electron microscopy showed the porous web like structure. Calculation of MarkHouwinkSakurada (MHS) equation viscometric constants for chitosan in any solventtemperatura system using experimental reported viscometric constants data. ; Weisz, J. Sintov AC, Krymberk I, Daniel D, Hannan T, Sohn Z, Levin G. Radiofrequency-driven skin microchanneling as a new way for electrically assisted transdermal delivery of hydrophilic drugs. Chem. Hindered diffusion of dextran and ficoll in microporous membranes. Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), a common phenomenon that can produce local excessive temperature, high pressure and large amount of energy. Where f0 is the frictional coefficient of a sphere having the same hydrodynamic (hydrated or solvated) volume V as the particle. In a good solvent, which shows a zero or negative heat of mixing with the polymer, the molecule is less-extended, and the intrinsic viscosity is high. The great deviation at 2000kDa occurs due to the large hyperbranched structure of the macromolecule, generating a change in its conformation and, therefore, a change in the way it flows [73]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 74, 372-378. Comparison of single-point and dilution procedures. These values indicate for dextrans in dilute aqueous solution, both methods give very similar results of the intrinsic viscosity and the respective Mw. WebThomas Gutberlet works at Jlich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-2), Forsch and is well known for Lipoteichoic Acid, Neutron Reflectometry and Neutron Reflectivity. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Carbohydrate Research, 160, 205-214. Determination of branching in biopolymers by size exclusion chromatography with light scattering (Malls), viscosity, and refractive index detection. Journal Argentine Chemical Society 100 (2013) 25-34. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). In the range of working temperatures and molecular weights of dextrans, similar intrinsic viscosity results obtained by other researchers and published here are slight, as shown in tables 1 and 3. Study of temperature influence. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. An official website of the United States government. (2008). Correspondence to The Mark-Houwink parameters and the effect of temperature on them are specifically studied. SEC of mono-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a wide range of pH, MarkHouwink constants. Levin G, Gershonowitz A, Sacks H, Stern M, Sherman A, Rudaev S, Zivin I, Phillip M. Transdermal delivery of human growth hormone through RF-microchannels. Weissella: An Emerging Bacterium with Promising Health Benefits. European Polymer Journal, 36, 2143-2146. Webwhittier union high school district superintendent. Journal of Controlled Release, 119, 5-24. Immediately after formation, the microchannels are filled with interstitial fluid, making them hydrophilic, and a suitable drug delivery system [15]. Formation of dextran hydrogels by crystallization. ; Aberle, T; Burchard, W. (2000). The lower molecular weight of FITC-dextran permeated more on both human and pig skin. Disclaimer. (1990). Determination of the intrinsic viscosity has been the most used measurement in the last 60 years. Privacy All branched polysaccharide types could be described approximately by the hyperbranching theory. Beer, M.U. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help WebIn this regard, we chose as crowding agents a number of polymers with hydrodynamic dimensions comparable to those of iRFP713 in different structural states: polyethylene glycol8,000(PEG-8000)withaneffectivehydrodynamicradiusof24.5 1.9(Devanand & Selser, 1991), Dextran-40 and Dextran-70 with hydrodynamic radius of 44.550 and 5864 , Characterization of high molecular weight dextran produced by Weissella cibaria CMGDEX3. Solutions of dextrans and blue dextrans (0.21.0 g/L) were prepared in 0.200 M NaCl (aq). 2019;26(1):25261. a Microscopy images of micropore and b quantified data using ImageJ after 0 (immediately), 4, 8, and 24h according to the number of times microproration was done (n=150, *: p<0.05). Typical examples are the classical size-independent combinations like the Flory parameter, which that combine the intrinsic viscosity, [], and the gyration radius, Rg: These quantities have been proposed along the years, by different eminent scientists, after whom they are named. 2.It can be found from the figure that at the start-up stage of the shaft, the hydrodynamic effect (HE) is weak, so the HP is not enough to support the shaft, which WebAmines per 70KDa dextran Theeffectofchargerepulsiononthe hydrodynamicradiuscanbeseenwithRh increaseswithchargedensity.Charge repulsioncausesthehydrodynamicradius toincrease.Withincreasingcharge,the dextranprogressivelyunfolded.Evena lowlevelofaminationcausesthepolymer tounfold. Boudry I, Blanck O, Cruz C, Blanck M, Vallet V, Bazire A, Capt A, Josse D, Lallement G. Percutaneous penetration and absorption of parathion using human and pig skin models in vitro and human skin grafted onto nude mouse skin model in vivo. The hydrodynamic radius of 2-NBDG glucose was too small to measure. The Transdermal diffusion cell system was protected from light. The effectiveness of the RF microporation technique in transdermal drug delivery of macromolecules and hydrophilic agents such as peptides, hormones, and vaccines has been demonstrated extensively in previous studies [16,17,18]. Polymolecularity and polydispersity in Molecular weight determinations. Superior prebiotic and physicochemical properties of novel dextran from Weissella cibaria JAG8 for potential food applications. Expert Rev Med Devices. FOIA The receptor chamber was filled with PBS. (1998). eCollection 2018 Feb. Molecules. The Viscosity of Dilute Solutions of Long-Chain Molecules. Many works are aimed at determining molecular weights [1, 7, 26], hydrodynamic radius, among other parameters for characterizing the physics and chemistry properties of dextran in solution. The increased TEWL values which were proportional to the number of microspores indicate SC disruption and formation of microchannels in the skin. Rheology of dextran solutions. Bahary, W.S. par | Juil 2, 2022 | mitchell wesley carlson charged | justin strauss net worth | Juil 2, 2022 | mitchell wesley carlson charged | justin strauss net worth Table 3 shows the intrinsic viscosity for the rest of the dextrans obtained by using the single-point method, measured at different temperatures. WebR H Hydrodynamic radius [m] The basic DLS setup. In order to confirm the molecular weight the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for standard dextrans is used in a range of molecular weights from 8.8 to 2000kDa and these correspond to the following equation. The regeneration of micropores in the human cadaver skin caused by microporation was confirmed using an optical microscope and haematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. Solution properties of branched dextran. Journal of Colloid Science, 31, 308-328. Carbohydrate Research, 340, 811-826. Molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and molecular size of a native dextran. ; Fran, H.P. For a limited temperature range, the viscosity of a polymer solution varies generally following a relation similar to that of usual liquids (rrhenius plot), where the polymer concentration is not very high and that temperature remains far enough from glass transition [38], and for system PEAorganic solvents see reference [63]. Biodegradable dextran hydrogels crosslinked by stereocomplex formation for the controlled release of pharmaceutical proteins. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 38, 2591-2598. Thermo Fisher Scientific. Macromolecules. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. 8. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 13, 2031-2032. where (poise) is the viscosity, the (g/cm3) fluid density, and t the liquid draining time (s) subscript zero is referred to solvent, and without subscript is referred to the solution [40], and inherent viscosity is i = r -1. Webprotein hydrodynamic radius was observed with increasing protein concentration (in the range 0.25-2 mM) in both the absence and presence of 8 M urea. Front Microbiol. The mostly used commercial product/ polysaccharide is dextran, and it is produced from bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides, with an overall degree of branching of about 5% [1-3][1]. Learn More. Chem. Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2007). FITC-derivatives have been used for a variety of biological applications for more than 40 yeras. Leiva, Angel; Muoz, Natalia; Urza, Marcela; Gargallo, Ligia; Radic, Deodato (2010). Carbohydr Polym. WebTo address this perception, in the current study, FITC-dextran of different MWs (10, 70 and 150 kDa) was used to model the transdermal delivery of low MW biotherapeutics and mAbs with MWs of approximately 150 kDa. The skin was treated with the RF-based microporation device, inducing micropore ablation through alternating electrical current. Figure 3 shows that the parameters vary with temperature, evidencing a clear functionality of them. 10K, and c M.W. Seven dextrans, provided by Sigma, with molecular weight of 8.8, 40, 71.9, 110, 200, 580 and 2000 kDa. Masuelli, Martin A. Hydrodynamic properties of whole arabic gum. Kloster, C.; Bica, C.; Lartigue, C.; Rochas, C.; Samios, D.; Geissler E. (1998). 2009;8(2):1739. Drug Deliv. This conjecture found to be correct. Chen Rong Huei; Min Lang Tsai (1998). Changes in the Mark-Houwink hydrodynamic volume of chitosan molecules in solutions of different organic acids, at different temperatures and ionic strengths. Macromolecules, 31, 7712-7716. Pharmaceutical Quality Dextran 40 is available from Pharmacosmos as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) as excipient for final formulation, drug product, for medical devices, for production of solutions for injection and infusion and much more. A simple and rapid method for evaluation of MarkHouwinkSaturada constants of linear random coil polysaccharides using molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity determined by high performance size exclusin chromatography: application to guar galactomannan. 2013, Article ID 360239, pp. If plotted for all molecular weights, the double logarithm of [] and Mw, the value of a obtained in all cases shows a value smaller than 0.5, which reports that dextran macromolecule has a degree of hyperbranched with increasing molecular weight and increases much for higher Mw (< 200kDa) which making the application of M-H method more difficult. Working with the molecular weights given by the manufacturer and compare them with the molecular weights, calculated from the Mark-Houwink parameters in this work; can be seen that the %RE obtained, see Table 6. Microporation was performed 2, 5, and 10 times on each sample. WebHydrodynamic radius = variable size of an analyte with specific MW based on dynamical properties. This study was supported by the LG Electronics. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Middelkoop E, Bogaerdt AJ, Lamme EN, Hoekstra MJ, Brandsma K, Ulrich MMW. dextran hydrodynamic radius. Dynamic light scattering study confirmed the mono-disperse nature of dextran with hydrodynamic radius of 900 nm. Based on these results a difference of approximately 1015% between the amounts of drugs permeated through the human skin and pig skin models should be considered during human clinical trials. 2010;4(1):117. Santoro MM, Gaudino G. Cellular and molecular facets of keratinocyte reepithelization during. Curvale, R.; Masuelli, M.; Perez Padilla, A. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 68, 319-329. Home > 2022 > Junho > 22 > Uncategorized > dextran hydrodynamic radius. The exponent a is a function of polymer geometry, and varies from 0.5 to 2 and exponent is dimensionless. Immediately after 2, 5, and 10 times microporations, 97.1432.39, 80.5715.51, and 82.3916.49m sizes of micropores were formed on the skin, respectively. There is a formula that used to calculate the radius (in Angstrom) from the molar mass (in g/mol) of dextran, a=0.33*(MM^0.46) where, a and MM are The site is secure. Gillespie, T.; Hulme, M. A. Polyelectrolytes as secondary calibration standards for aqueous SEC. (1999). For a sphere and a random coil 0 the values are 9.23x1023 mol-1 and 2.60x 1023mol-1, respectively. Prausnitz MR, Langer R. Transdermal drug delivery. 2011;5(2):95132. A single frequency laser is directed to the sample contained in a cuvette. Crini, G. (2005). of different origins. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Masuelli, M. A. The human skins were from the back or thigh of a 24-year-old woman. Synthesis of dextran by dextransucrase treated, sucrose-supplemented skimmed milk revealed the promising potential of dextran as a food additive. Biophysical Journal, 27, 177-181. For a given polymer-solvent pair, the theta condition is satisfied at a certain temperature, called the theta () temperature or theta point. A simple way of universalizing the measurements is shown in figure 4 where there is a curve at each temperature for every molecular weight. and transmitted securely. Advances in chemistry series Washington, DC: American Chemical Society., pp. The intrinsic viscosity calculation requires several concentrations, and because of this inconvenient will not use the Huggins method in this paper. Measurements were made with a Ubbelohde C type suspended level viscometer [57] (IVA, Argentina); with a diameter capillary of 0.81mm and water draining time of 35.89s at 20C, with viscometer constant of 0.027883 mm2/s [58]. ; Talsma, H.; Hennink, W.E. Journal Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 97, 295-301. Journal of American Chemical Society, 76 (20), 5041-5052. Hi Khanh, Alan is taking a little time off of Research Gate at the moment, but here is some information in reply to your question. The enhanced permeability through micropores was confirmed by Franz diffusion cell. Interaction Parameter (); Expansion Factor (); Steric Hindrance Factor (); and Shielding Function F(); for the System PEAOrganic Solvents by Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements. (2012). In contrast to linear chains, power law behavior is observed only asymptotically at large Mv. At the same temperature, the hydrodynamic radius and the intrinsic viscosity are higher for different molecular weights, while these properties decrease with an increase of temperature at the same molecular weight (Figure 1). 2004;25(9):155967. High Manufacturing Standards of Molecular Probes Dextrans. When applied to adherent cell cultures, the APGD-t is capable of inducing temporary cell permeabilization. Porcine wound models for skin substitution and burn treatment. The molecular weight and Simha number do not change in this temperature range (Mw from 8.8-200kDa), P slightly change, showing modifications in the hydrodynamic properties of the biopolymer in aqueous solution as [] and RH. Effect of temperature on the intrinsic viscosity and conformation of chitosan in dilute HCl solution. Aqueous solutions of amphiphilic polysaccharides: Concentration and temperature effect on viscosity. Dextran produced from Weissella cibaria JAG8 was purified and characterized. Springer Editions. Salunkhe SS, Bhatia NM, Pokharkar VB, Thorat JD, Bhatia MS. Topical delivery of idebenone using nanostructured lipid carriers: evaluations of sun-protection and anti-oxidant effects. WebThis value is sensible given that i j = 0 and that the search radius of the clustering algorithm is slightly larger than the average segment length of our Dextran model (b 5.5 nm). Carbohydrate Polymers, 38, 267-271. Accueil; Solution; Tarif; PRO; Mon compte; France; Accueil; Solution; Tarif; PRO; Mon compte 2. It has been found that, when applied to water treatment, it can effectively act on refractory organic matter in wastewater through thermal decomposition and water molecular action to produce free However, considering the trauma and unethical practices associated with animal experiments, in vitro studies with human cadaver skin offers an ethical and viable alternative. WebFluorescent and biotinylated dextrans are routinely employed to trace neuronal projections. The important role of thermodynamic interaction parameter in the determination of theta temperature, dextran/water system. The characteristic Rg/Rh value for a globular protein is ~0.775, which means that Rg is smaller than Rh. At 25C both values of a and kM-H are within the range reported by [3, 8, 16]. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of RF microporation technology in vitro, by evaluating the permeation of fluorescent-conjugated dextran (FITC-dextran) of various molecular weights through the human and pig skin after microporation, using a transdermal diffusion cell system.

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